Essay Sample on the Apostles Creed

Qualitative Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Subjective Research Proposal - Essay Example This expense doesn’t account the significant expense of  £27 billion because of clinical cost expanded during same time (4). The alarmingly present circumstance and it’s quickened pace of development has accumulated gigantic regard for fix the hazard before it gains past the power. There has been expanded consideration toward finding the thinking behind continually rising stoutness. Investigating this would help in modifying way of life towards sound way of life propensities and sparing nation from threat before it becomes national revile. It would likewise be useful, basically, for moms to create sound dietary propensities in youngsters since early age. Corpulence is a proportion of an over the top or strange fat development in a human body that may maybe hurt wellbeing. Corpulence, estimated through BMI (Body Mass Index) is a weight equivalent to or more noteworthy than 30; it is 5 BMI level higher than unnecessary weight level characterized as overweight; as World Health Organization (WHO) characterizes (5). Refering to reason of stoutness, WHO expresses that it is a vitality irregularity of calories devoured and exhausted by the body. It further expresses this irregularity is made for the explanation of either inordinate admission of fatty food or less physical action that prompts less calorie utilization (5). This examination will keep up center around first segment of reason refered to by WHO and would investigate the effect of conduct, socio-natural and hereditary parts of a person that lead to less devoured calorie than exhausted. Among enormous number of conduct factors concentrated to date, this examination will concentrate on social factors that are explicitly identified with dietary propensities. Social Factors that lead to stoutness has been comprehensively arranged into three areas in the investigation of 6; that are: first, over the top food taking; second, less physical movement that that prompts less calorie utilization in caparison with admission; third being unreasonable eating routine control

UNDER ARMOUR

UNDER ARMOUR Under Armour Home›Marketing Posts›Under Armour Marketing PostsINTRODUCTIONPromotion is a very vital component that every business should adopt for success in its operations. The company that is covered in this article is Under Armour and in this session, the focus is based on a comprehensive analysis of the promotion mix. The promotion mix will involve the analysis of the direct marketing, public relations, sale promotion, and advertising together with the communication mix.UNDER ARMOUR: Mission statement The mission of Under Armour is to ensure that they are able to provide the world   with products that are advanced technically, whose engineering is enhanced through superior construction of the fabric, fashionable management of the moisture and innovation that is proven (Under Armour, 2007).ProductsThe under Armour products are aimed at providing catering to men, women as well as young athletes of all levels, size and shape. The products offered are limited to three major appa rel lines that are consistent of HotGear for competition during the hot weather, ColdGear for cold weather together with AllSeasonGear which are specially designed to adapt to both weather. Limited athletic footwear are also offered including the football cleats. Recently, Under Armour has been on a mission geared towards creation of other footwear types specifically for other sporting activities. With the new line of product in place, there is hope that Under Armour will be able to compete at all the levels and aspects.Competitors In the market of sports apparel has been characterized with competition which has over has been dominant in this retail industry for more than 20 years (Mercurio, 2009). The major competitors in this industry are inclusive of Adidas, Columbia Sportswear and Nike. These companies have been listed in many records as the strongest competitors to Under Armour. The foundation of Nike is dated back to 1972 whereas Adidas foundation dates back to 1924. It is obv ious that the period that these competitors have been in business is long together with the market experience by far exceeds that of Under Armour in the industry, based on its foundation which is in 1996 (Under Armour, 2007. There is in addition a striking similarity in the type of products that are carried by each company. In all these companies, they manufacture shirts that are “moisture- wicking”, various clothing for athletic use together with athletic shoe lines. In addition, the pricing is very similar; factors that have resulted in a very strong rivalry in the sports apparel companies. The intensification of this rivalry has been commensurate with the increase in the competitor number. There is a similarity in all these companies which are all in the apparel industry making Under Armour to operate in an industry characterized with intensive competition.Competitive advantage The Under Armour competitive advantage is enhanced by the company’s strong will for innovativenes s through which it is able to come up with new products ahead of the competitors. This does not mean that these competitors do not make effort to catch up, however, by the time they try to catch up, the company comes up with another innovative idea through which it is able to stay ahead in the market. For instance, initially, Under Armour has been involved in designing a fabric through use of a combination of elastane and polyester through which the moisture would be kept out of the body. The initial outcome was market domination depicting a competitive advantage. However, this technology was countered by Nike introduction of Dri-FIT technology. This competition was maintained a stiff level and in the process acted as a barrier to the new small companies entrants into the market, therefore creating a territory where the market can be dominated by only a few industrial giants.Therefore, as noted above, the innovation enhances Under Armour to grow ahead of the competitors. Whereas the large competitors have a high recognition in the market, the selling of their products is mainly based on the name of the company. However, entering of Under Armour into this competitive is not very strongly attributed to its name but to the products performance and quality. Through incorporation of the existing skills of the company as well as the know-how on technology, they have the opportunity of entering new lines of the product.TARGET MARKET AND PRODUCT STRATEGYTarget market Under Armour target market is inclusive of the children, youths and adults that are physically fit. The new strategy is driving the company into exploring new markets in which it can be able to sell its products. With the ambition of succeeding on the soccer front in Western Europe, Under Armour is considering targeting Asia and South America in marketing its soccer cleat. Whereas it factual that the competitor Adidas holds the European soccer market, there is a representation of a growing market in South America and Asia, a market that is targeted by Under Armour based on the fact that there is no strong preference in the products from America. Therefore, the new target market that is spelling another dawn for Under Armour is the soccer clubs.Product categoriesUnder Armour has developed many products which enhance its ability to differentiate from the competitors. Through the incorporation of the LockerTag technology that was created by Plank (the initiator of Under Armour), one of the product categories of the company’s products is developed. This is aimed at offering a solution to the athlete apparel problem of getting a mix up in the locker room. In addition, other products that are created by Under Armour are; Cold Gear, Heat Gear together with AllSeason Gear. These categories are designed to ensure that the consumers are kept cold during the warm weather, warm during the cold weather as well as maintaining their comfort during all the weather types. In each of the gear line, a choice is also provided between three types of fit; lose, fit and compression. Through specializing on a specific line of products therefore enhancing expertise, Under Armour has been able to maintain a competitive advantage over the competitors. The company clearly knows the market that it is targeting and goes ahead to design the specific products that will maximize satisfaction to these consumers.DISTRIBUTION STRATEGYDistribution logisticsIn order to be able to explore the areas in the world that have not been tapped, a company has to explore ways through which the distribution logistics can be improved (Thompson et al., 2007). Majority of the Under Armour products are packaged and distributed through two facilities of distribution that are located in Maryland, Glen Burnie. The high bay facility is the first distribution facility that was built in 2000. The second high bay facility was manufactured in 2003 in which 200,000 square feet is occupied by the company. Through these distribution facilities, the company is able to meet its needs in the short run. The products of Under Armour are in addition distributed in Europe through a provider of third party logistics that is based in Tilburg.Physical facilityIn order to facilitate the production and retailing of the products, a retailer’s physical facility is usually very essential. Under Armour have an office in Hong Kong which not only acts as the retail outlet bot also supports the efforts of sourcing, manufacturing together with quality assurance. In addition, the China office is used for the purpose of providing support to quality assurance in the effort to develop the high quality footwear products. The Maryland distribution facility is readily available to the customers who have specific needs. In this retail shop, there is a stock of various fabrics and various colors which in addition assists in building and shipment of the products that are on strict deadlines. Through these stores, a competitiv e advantage is enhanced to the company through ensuring it has the ability to provide a specialized service to the customers.PROMOTION STRATEGYPromotion mixMarketing communication mix: Through the marketing mix, a specific combination of tools is provided through which Under Armour has been able to meet its communication objectives in marketing. According to Christ (2011), these tools are inclusive of are inclusive of personal sales, sales promotion, direct marketing, advertisement together with public relations. In Under Armour, public relations, direct marketing, advertisement together with sales promotion are employed in the process of communicating its product to the consumers.Advertising: There are various approaches that are used by Under Armour in advertisement of its products. Through advertisement, there is paid presentation which is utilized in the communication mix of marketing (Riley, 2010). The main approach that Under Armour uses in advertisement in commercials is the television. However, Under Armour had not commenced its first advertisement in television until the year 2001, six years after its foundation. In addition to use of television as its primary advertisement source, it has also utilized the bill boards and magazines. As evident, Under Armour primarily targets the football players in its marketing based on the use of slogans on advertisement such as ‘Click- Clack”. In addition, there is an official websites that Under Armour together with catalogs for sporting goods.Direct marketing: Through the use of direct marketing, Under Armour is able to communicate with its customers coupled with enticing them through the website to place orders for their merchandise. Mainly, what is used by Under Armour is direct mail, email, together with catalogs to enhance direct marketing interaction with the customers. In addition, the customers can place a request for a catalog through the website, which is simply done through ensuring that the address and name of the customer is put on the website. Under Armour customers are in addition given the option of leaving their address to ensure the company frequently updates them on the promotions and news (Under Armour, 2007).Sales promotion: Under Armour least uses sales promotion when in comparison to the other approaches. Even though sales promotion is usually not highly used by Under Armour in its product sale, there are subtle things that are used by Under Armour that can be compared to promotions. One of the approaches that have been used is that of free shipment for the goods ordered through the website. In most cases, this promotional opportunity is highly used based on the fact that it is very easy for the Under Armour shoppers to have such an expenditure online, if certain sports items are needed by them. In addition, if the customers place frequent orders online, it is possible for them being sent rebates and coupons during the next purchases. In the outlets of retail, poin ts of purchase promotion are very common, which characteristically is usually on the store merchandise and not products of under Armour; to be specific.Public relations: Through this promotion approach, relationships are created and maintained with the publics, and great effort made by Under Armour is aimed at public relations utilization. What Under Armour aims at specifically maintaining is a relationship that is positive with the stakeholders. On the Under Armour website, there is a link through which the stakeholders are able to track the company’s performance. Maintenance of stakeholder relations that is of quality is important with an aim of making sure that there is a continuous supply of funds to the company by these stakeholders. The transferred information is inclusive of the press releases, quarterly reports, stock prices together with the company standings financially. This is aimed at ensuring that the company can maintain a relationship characterized with trust to th e public. Based on the fact that the company information is released in a consistent and voluntary manner, trust has been built and maintained with the stake holders.The strategy of promotion mix: A pull strategy is used by Under Armour, implying a bottom down pull of the product demand. Little assistance is required by the customers in their decision to purchase. The assumption is that the consumers already know how to use the products that they are looking for. Therefore, no assistance will be required in the decision to purchase. In relation to this strategy, substantial advertisement is used with an aim of promoting the product. In addition, the advertisements will be done through the websites and magazines.Competitive advantage Basically, the footwear and performance athletics market is characterized with rapid competition; which is inclusive of new competitors together with the competition coming from the companies that are already well established; that are seeking expansion for their production. The major competitive advantage of Under Armour over one of its major rivals; Colombia Sportswear is its large size, great potential financially together with being well enriched with resources, marketing and distribution. In addition, the strong customer recognition and operation under the economies of scale has enabled Under Armour to operate ahead of Colombia Sportswear. Besides, Under Armour has established a long term relationship with the main customers and as a result, this company has been better equipped than its competitor in inducing the preferences of the consumers through; quick adaptation to the customer needs changes, being opportunistic of the acquisitions, adoption of pricing policies that are appropriate and resources devotion to their products sale and marketing; inclusive of major advertisements, endorsement of products and media placement.PRICING STRATEGY Pricing strategy and tacticsVarious issues are usually considered in the pricing strat egy. The strategy is aimed at revenue maximization in the long run. Setting of price is done with a careful consideration of the competitors and for Under Armour, the price is mainly been maintained at the mid-range. Nike, being a more experienced competitor in the market has adopted the lower range pricing strategy through which its prices are relatively cheap in comparison to those of Under Armour and Columbia Sportswear which is also another major competitor. There is however maintenance of a price differentiation between the competitors’ products and in most cases, there are times when the prices are usually at the highest levels between the two competitors (Under Armour and Columbia Sportswear).In the process of determining the price of a product, the price adaptation by the customer is usually considered by the company because through this approach, there is enhancement of developing long term customers as well as success in the referral program (NetMBA, 2008). For competiti ve pricing establishment, cumulative quantity discount is adopted together with special discounts on shipment to encourage the customers into placing orders for more purchases. Price adaptation has also enabled Under Armour to become successful in the business growth based on the number of customers together with the profitability.Integration The process of integration for Under Armour began being non- existent based on the fact that the Plank (the founder) has pondered the company’s idea. To enhance implementation of the adopted system, the company has in the past had to integrate the employees with other firms to ensure that its projects are finished in a manner that is timely. Through the incorporation of the technology, it has been possible for the company to form integration with the sales, finance, distribution and production associates. With the company’s direction being headed for the future, there is a possibility of even more integration in the company. As the expansio n spreads to other countries, exploration is done on how distribution logistics can be enhanced in these areas. CONCLUSIONTo Under Armour, a lot of importance is not given to personal sales and public relations when it comes to the promotion mix. Although there is indication of Under Armour Representatives holding conferences, there has been a release of the future advertisement through television but not much has been announced in relation to the products of the company. In addition, the use of face to face sales by under Armour is aimed at ensuring that more customers are attracted to the products of the company, therefore making personal sales not to be a very appropriate tool. Through the incorporation of the competitive advantage as well as the competency, Under Armour has a high potential of emerging as a leader in this market. This competitive advantage can be enhanced in design, manufacturing and development of apparel that are characterized with high quality.

Sample Format of Term Paper

Sample Format of Term Paper A term paper is an academic assignment, which is supposed to be written during a term and is responsible for at least 20% of the mark the student finally gets. In a term paper the student researches at length some subject (event, notion, point of view), related to the work done within the academic term. Generally, it is several typed pages, organized in conformity with strict format, which is of no less concern for the one who writes it, than the paper’s actual contents. A term paper is rather close in meaning to a research paper, still they arent identical. The title page should represent the paper’s title, your name, the name of your tutor, the course’s title and the date of completion in the centre of the page, each entry on a separate line. It is followed by the table of contents, enumerating all the segments of the paper. Abstract of the page (also called summary) can be  a rather short (less than a page) outline of what the paper is about, what its main issue is, why it deserves attention and what have you found out in its concern. Introductory paragraph interprets the main issue of the paper  in a more elaborate manner, represents the review of opinions on it, popular in modern thought, explains why it is important and what your suggestions are. Method paragraph  section is dedicated to the techniques you used looking for data and processing it, as well as your ideas concerning the relevance of information you’ve collected. Results  paragraph is aimed to reveal and focus on both results and conclusions made throughout the research and explain if they can be regarded as an interpretation to the questions that were mentioned in the introductory part. To conclude, discussion shows the actual meaning of your results, what conclusions can be made on them and how they can be recognized in a broader context. How to make your term paper successful if you havent written it before? Sure, we did our best to provide you with the most understandable guide on term paper writing. It shows you the main points you need to follow and take into account while writing your paper to succeed in it. However, you will not be the exception if you get stuck halfway in the process of writing. True, such type of assignment as a term paper requires a scrupulous approach, time and confidence that you are doing it right. To complete any term paper successfully, you need some background experience. If you havent had any yet, then it will be better for you to search for any examples and samples of works to understand how the work should be completed and formatted. Youll find lots of samples on the web, as well as in our blog on this website. They may be not on your subject and topic, but the main idea will be clear. You need a plan! Above on this page we have mentioned the main parts that must be included into your term paper. To make them work for you, first you need to look for the sources and information that you can include into your work. You must have already got the instructions where the main criteria are mentioned. They may be about using only the articles from scientific journals and never from the Internet. In any of the cases you must follow the recommendations and gather as many information as possible on your topic to know how many pages each paragraph can include. Then you can make a checklist for each paragraph. Why do this? This will help you understand whether you have included the main points that should be highlighted in the work. Why WriteMyPapers.org is the best place to order your term paper? If you do not feel too confident about writing a term paper by yourself, you can always count on our writers help. We guarantee that you will get your term paper written according to your instructions, if you have any. This will include the number of sources, the contents that should be researched in the work, and formatting according to the style needed. Of course, the work will be delivered by the deadline specified by you in the order. To give us more time and pay even less money, just place your order in advance. In any case, our writers at WriteMyPapers.org will do good job for you!

The Negative Effect of Cell Phones on Society Essay

A cell phone is an electronic device used for the mobile telecommunication i.e. mobile telephony, data transmission and text messaging. It is used over a cellular network of specialized base stations. It differs from cordless telephones, which offers telephony service only within a limited range i.e. within a home or an office. As the time passes it offers more and more advance features. A society is a social, economical or industrial infrastructure, made up of collection of individuals. Although the members of the society may be from different ethnic group or from a particular ethnic group yet they live together for their mutual benefit. From the mutual relationship between the members of the society, the effect of anything on individual†¦show more content†¦They buy more and more expensive mobiles only for fashion. The cell phones have very bad effect on the environment. The cell phones which are thrown away after not capable to work properly can badly affect our environment. The cell phones contain bio accumulative metals which become toxic over a period of time. The hazardous substances like cadmium, lead, nickel and mercury are present in cell phones which are capable of causing cancer and other fatal diseases if cell phones are not disposed properly. The use of cell phone is very dangerous for drivers while driving. The drivers are supposed to be alert and concentrated to their ambient surrounding. The use of cell phone catch their attention and make them less alert to their surrounding which can lead to serious destruction. The use of cell phone is more dangerous than the use of alcohol while driving. Because it took half a second longer for a cell phone users to react than a normal person and one third of a second longer than a persons in drunken condition. A cell phone is an electronic device used for the mobile telecommunication i.e. mobile telephony, data transmission and text messaging. It is used over a cellular network of specialized base stations. It differs from cordless telephones, which offers telephony service only within a limited range i.e. within a home or an office. As the time passes it offers more and more advance features. A society is a social, economical or industrial infrastructure,Show MoreRelatedNegative Effects of Cell Phone of Society1609 Words   |  7 PagesSteve Sheridan Professor Simakowicz 1st Draft Paper 13 April 2010 â€Å"Do Cell Phones Help or Hinder Society?† Times have changed tremendously in the last twenty five years in regards to how the world communicates with each other. The birth of new technology such as cell phones with internet capability, laptop computers, and even the recently released I-Pad has made communication with anyone outside of talking distance immediately accessible. Even though to many people this seems like a movement in theRead MoreBad Effects of Cell Phone on Society856 Words   |  4 PagesBAD EFFECTS OF CELL PHONE ON SOCIETY A report by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) said there were about six billion cell phone subscriptions at the end of 2011-roughly one for 86 of every 100 people. Up to now, this number has continued to increase dramatically. This proves certainly that cell phone affects our society more strongly and more deeply in many aspects. No one can deny that cell phone is playing a very important and necessary role in our society because it not onlyRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1246 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Technology on Society Many years ago, historians believe the future would be an amazing technologically advanced place filled with robots and time traveling. But today no one seems to be shocked by all of the advancements (Negative Effects of Technology). The computers are controlling minds, and humans are acting more as robots than citizens. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic improvement in the development and use of technology. Workplaces have goneRead MoreNegative Effects of Cell Phones1731 Words   |  7 Pagestask easier. A cell phone is a type of technology that is a common thing to see in everyday life. The world and the people in it have gotten used to this technology. Cell phones are making the lives of an estimated two hundred sixty five million Americans (Natterson 103) and three billion worldwide (Natterson 103), easier. As useful as cell phones may be, there are negative effects in over using cell phones. Cell phone technology was first developed in the 1980’s, but cell phones became common inRead MoreTechnology: The Invention of The Cell Phone Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove. It has given society an easier way to communicate with family and friends with one simple device, the cell phone. A cellular phone is the most common type of technology used by all groups of people including parents, teenagers, and even young children. The number of people who own a cell phone also continues to increase, causing a huge distraction on society. Cell phones seem to own a person as they depend on their phone for almost everything. Though the cell phone was invented for beneficialRead MoreMobile Phones And The Mobile Phone987 Words   |  4 PagesIn this day and age, it is almost impossible to not have a cell phone; the number of people who own a cell phone is growing every year. â€Å"At the end of 2011, there were almost 6 billion mobile subscriptions. That is a dramatic increase from 5.4 billion in 2010 and 4.7 billion mobile subscriptions in 2009† (International Tele - communications Union, 2011). With the introduction into society the cell phone established a convenient way to communicate between individuals, and they have also connectedRead More Impact of Technology on Family Life Essay901 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily life in our society. But I think the positive effects out way the negative ones. In this term paper I will focus on how cell phones, internet, and home security systems. These are only a few of the technology that has affected family life. I will first talk about the positive effects then I will explain the negative effects. Communication has had a big impact on family life in our society. Cell phones have become very popular in the past few years. One big cell phone that has beenRead MoreUse Of Cell Phones On Society934 Words   |  4 PagesUSE OF CELL PHONE has negative and positive to the society. The cell phone usage started in 1973. Motorola was the first company to produce cell phone. So they produced cell phone connected with the car, andpeople were using car cell phone primary for business, then companies were ab grading throughout the years. ‘Source ’google’. However cell phone usage become something that most of the younger generation are addicted to and use constantly. So it brought negative side of using cell phone. PeopleRead MoreCell Phone Effect on Society1526 Words   |  7 PagesClass Date Title How often do we see some people in society now a days on their phones? Whether this be to someone checking their Facebook or just messaging their friends to let them know where they are. How often could you witness to how they could cause accidents such as not paying attention when crossing the road, crime such as the increase in phones being stolen, or car accidents in the split second in which one is looking down at their phone rather than paying attention to what is on the roadRead MoreEffects of Modern Technology852 Words   |  3 PagesEffects of Modern Technology Today A popular argument in today’s society is whether or not technology has a negative or positive effect. Whether it is something you see on TV or in one’s own everyday life, it is more popular to see someone’s face focused on a phone screen rather than buried in a book. Over the past few decades, technology has been getting more popular as new developments arise. Not only are cell phones a main priority, but also computers, the internet and video games. Ever since

Mathematics of Ballet free essay sample

There is much more to the arabesque, grand jete, and fouette than just hours of practice and strong toes. Dancers do not often understand the physics and mathematics describing their movements, but they know how to execute them with grace. If ballerinas were not able to feel physics, they would fall over. Legs, arms and head are oscillating as they turn– moving back and forth in seemingly separate patterns. For dancers, everything must move in separate patterns, yet at the same time, move at the same rhythm. This presentation introduces the history, mathematics, and physics behind ballet. Ballet originated in the Italian Renaissance courts during the 15th century. Noblemen and women attended special events, such as wedding celebrations, where dancing and music were considered an elaborate spectacle. Dancing masters taught the steps to the nobility and the court participated in the performances. In the 16th century, Catherine de Medici, an Italian noblewoman and the wife of King Henry II of France, funded ballet within the French Court. A century later, King Louis XIV helped to popularize and standardize ballet. In 1661, the first dance academy opened in Paris and ballet moved from the courts to the stage. The French opera created the opera-ballet tradition in France. During the mid-1700s, a French ballet master, Georges Noverre, rebelled against the opera-ballet because he believed that ballet could stand as its own art form. This led to the establishment of a dramatic style of ballet that conveys a narrative story. In the late 18th century, the popularity of ballet increased in Russia, where classical ballet was represented in its most classical form: Marius Petipa’s The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and Sleeping Beauty, were composed. The main purpose of classical ballet was to display technique to its fullest— pointe work, high extensions, precision of movement, and turn-out (the outward rotation of the legs from the hip) are included. Demanding leaps, steps, and turns were choreographed into the story. During the Romantic Movement in the start of the 19th century, ballet was influenced by spirits, magic, and fragility; henceforth, the romantic ballets were established. During the Romantic Era, en pointe, dancing on the tips of toes, became the norm for ballerinas, and the â€Å"tutu,† a skirt made of tulle, was introduced. Later on in the 19th century, New York City Ballet founder, George Balanchine, a Russian who immigrated to America, introduced what is now known as the neo-classical ballet. This is a form that expands the classical form. Balanchine is considered to be one of the greatest innovators of the â€Å"plot-less† contemporary ballet: without a definite story line, its purpose is to use movement to express the music, and to illuminate human emotion and endeavor. Today, ballet is multi-faceted: classical forms, traditional stories, and contemporary innovations intertwine to produce the character of a modern ballet. Physics and mathematics are found in every aspect of dance. First, it is important to understand that the net force (Fnet) involves the addition of applied forces. The net force causes a change in an object’s momentum. For example, the net force on a dancer is the force of gravity acting down, the force from the support of the floor acting upon, and the sideways force of the friction from the floor. A torque in physics is an off-center force that causes something to spin. Also, the torque can change angular momentum of an object. In dance, it should be understood that the greater the force, the more quickly a dancer can spin. Torques are further generated from the spin-axis, which causes the dancer to spin more quickly. The longer a torque is activated, the greater the total change in angular momentum. This is expressed through the equation: ? L= t. If a torque is not applied to a rigid object, or a solid body of finite size, it spins at a constant rate. Its spin-axis does not wobble. Non-rigid objects, like people or dancers, constantly change shape and are more complicated. A dancer’s rotational inertia (I) changes with time (t). Static balance occurs when both the net force and net torque equal zero. Static balance is the point of center of gravity at which an object, like a dancer, has the ability to balance. All of the forces acting upon a balanced dancer sum to equal zero. A dancers center of gravity must remain directly above the area of contact with the floor; otherwise, he or she will fall over. Smaller floor contact area, like en pointe, for example, makes balance more difficult. Maintaining such balance involves constant shifts and adjustments of the body. The net effect of gravity on a dancer is the same as if it were only acting upon the center of gravity, and not on all parts of the body. Forces on a balanced dancer like gravity (pulls down, acts upon center of gravity) and the support from floor (pushes up, acts upon feet) equal zero. Both forces act through the center of gravity, and so, the dancer’s torque also equals zero. Not only must a dancer balance, but a dancer must also balance while turning. Not all statically balanced dance positions can be held while turning. Centrifugal forces exert a torque, which throws the dancer off balance, or off of his or her center of gravity. A shift in the center of gravity must occur in order to maintain dynamic, yet not static, balance. If a torque is not applied, then the angular momentum (L) is constant. If the rotational inertia (I) is decreased, then the angular velocity (? ) must increase, or spin faster. If the rotational inertia (I) is increased, then the angular velocity must decrease, or spin slower. Rotational inertia is an object’s resistance to its rotation. Through calculations, it is proven that the greater the mass of an object, the greater the rotational inertia. When mass is distributed farther from its rotational axis, there is a larger rotational inertia. The equation, I=mr2, represents how increasing the rotational inertia will decrease the rate at which a dancer spins. The Conservation of Angular Momentum explains how a dancer is able to change the speed of a turn when en pointe by extending or retracting his or her leg. Friction between the floor and a dancer’s foot can generate a torque. Dancers turn and spin on stage; however, dancers must also perform turning movements in the air. In certain movements, the body parts which carry the initial angular momentum change during the course of the turn. For example, during a tour jete, the angular momentum associated with the raising of the left leg (1) is taken up by the trunk and arms (2), then the left leg (3), then both legs (4). Refer to the picture below. Jumps are essential movements in the world of ballet. Gravitational force depends on mass. The greater the mass, the greater the gravitational pull. Also, momentum depends on mass. The greater the mass, the harder it is to stop moving at a particular speed (p=mv). Doubling an object’s mass will double its momentum and double the strength of its gravitational force. This is proved through the equation, ? p = m? v = F? t. On the other hand, gravitational acceleration is independent of mass. The relationship between the position of a dancers center of gravity and the time during a jump is expressed. The force of gravity influences the vertical component of motion, not the horizontal: Additionally, the relationship between the height of a jump (h) and time (t) is expressed through a parabolic function. The relationship between the horizontal distance (d) and time (t) is represented through a linear, straight line: The dancers trajectory in a jump is also a parabola: By raising his or her legs, which changes the distance between the center of gravity and the dancer’s head, he or she can create the illusion of floating. The vertical motion of the head is less than the motion of the center of gravity. Mathematics Physics is a study of science that uses math. From simple geometry to advanced calculus, mathematics is present in the physics of ballet. Kinematics, a branch of mechanics in relation to motion of objects, is present in almost every aspect of ballet. A derivative (dy/dx) is a rate of change with respect to x and y. For objects in motion, like dancers, specific movement is related to the essential topic of calculus, which is the derivative. A dancer’s velocity (v) is the first derivative (? ) of his or her position (s), with respect to time (t). A dancer’s acceleration (a) is the second derivative (? ) of his or her position (s) with respect to time (t) or the first derivative (? ) of his or her velocity (v). Conclusion The elements of physics and mathematics are in use whether a dancer is balancing, spinning, jumping, or just standing still. Force, velocity, momentum, rotational inertia, static balance, and torques are specific variables that are utilized in the every aspect of ballet.

Recruitment and Selection Os a Sales and Marketing Manager Essay Example

Recruitment and Selection Os a Sales and Marketing Manager Essay This case study based on a situation arises due to a poor recruitment system which has given high cost the company. Because of the decision made by top management, Finance Manager of ABC Biscuit Company appointed to handle all recruitments of the company. As consequences of not having a proper Human Resource Management system in the company and Finance managers’ lack of knowledge about HR planning, major issues have been arrived gaining high cost to the company Most of the employees whom he recruited were his relatives and the once who are known to him.Company has around 15 Vacancies at any given time and 80% of new hires are leaving within probation period. Further he has recruited a former owner of a catering service in UK as the â€Å"Sales and Marketing Manager† of ABC Biscuit Company promising that Mr. Benjamin will bring at least 10 new foreign customers within the first 6 months, and Mr. Benjamin has not introduced any of customers to the company he has only give n total cost of exceeding Rs. 250,000/= per month to the company. Possible alternatives were given like Do Post Mortems, Help the problematic employee to get back on track, Offer an internal transfer and Termination etc.This project report discusses the importance of good recruitment at technical and managerial levels and the implications that are encountered as a result of ad hoc recruitment processes. Recruitment is a responsibility of every manager in the Organization. The Project report is divided into five sections namely: Problem Identification; Right number of people at right jobs at right times; Handling Mr. Benjamin’s situation; Conclusion; Recommended Recruitment and Selection Procedure for ABC Biscuit Company. 2. Problem Identification Managing people is a definite challenge both at strategic or even organizational levels.Thus, human resources are well managed and developed in alignment with the organizational goals and strategies. It has been observed that for any organization to achieve its stated objectives and goals there is the need for management to put in place policies or strategies that will help attract the best of employees to strive towards the achievement of organizational objectives. It has also been observed that the performance output of employees of ABC Biscuit Company is of prime concern to management of ABC Biscuit Company as it affects productivity and the development of the company.Following are some major issues that have been found in ABC Biscuit Company; 2. 1 Poor HR Planning and Management An incompetent and poorly functioning human resources department reflects the overall state of affairs of an organization and its possible uncompetitive position in the marketplace. According to ABC Biscuit Company case study, company has around 15 vacancies at any given time which proof that company has bad HR planning. Bad HR planning ensures that the HR assets of the organization are not aligned to organizational goals and object ives. . 2 High turn over It has also been observed that the performance output of employees of ABC Biscuit Company is of prime concern to management of ABC Biscuit Company as it affects productivity and the development of the bank. Importantly, some of the new employees who are not able to improve and adjust to their new working environment resign within first 6 months of their job leading to employee turnover of 80% and this affects the organization in terms of cost and productivity. 2. 3 Finance manager handling all recruitmentsNot having a proper Human Resource Management is a disaster for any company. As we can see from ABC Biscuit Company, Higher Management has appointed Finance Manager (Mr. De Silva) to handle all recruitment of the company which is a wrong decision. When Finance manager perform multiple roles, according to case study give Mr. De Silva has to handle all recruitment apart from finance management, HR processes unlikely to become a priority unless a crisis occurs . Most of the employees whom he has recruited were his relatives and once who are known to him.Clearly we can understand that Mr. De Silva has lack of Human Resource Management knowledge. Without having a proper sound recruitment and selection procedure, he has simply recruited relatives and friends for his own personal benefits. 2. 4 Poor recruitment As a consequence of appointing Finance manager to handle all recruitments, Mr. De Silva has recruited Mr. Benjamin, former owner of a Catering Service in UK as the Sales and Marketing Manager of ABC Biscuit Company. This wrong decision has led to a massive issue for the company.There is no hiring strategy in ABC Biscuit Company, without a hiring strategy we unconsciously gravitate to hiring people who share our personality traits, which can lead to clash of personality and a division of expectations. 3. Right number of people at right jobs at right times Selecting the right person for the job has never been more important than it is to day. Hiring the right people for the right positions at the right time is a key ingredient in creating a successful company. This is not easy to do, and most companies falter in this area.In order to ensure ABC Biscuit Company place right number of people at right jobs at right times following can be taken it to action; 3. 1 Build and nurture relationships with every business unit Managers and executives of ABC Biscuit Company need to be connected to other business units and departments so they know when activities in those areas of the business are likely to create products. 3. 2 Understanding the current workforce Gathering the data about the numbers, levels and status of the existing orkforce of ABC Biscuit Company, the potential for change needed to be considered. Some of the questions asked included: †¢ What are the human resource management policies that will help or hinder changes in the Library’s staff profile? †¢ What is the potential for retraining? †¢ Do opportunities exist for redeployment? 3. 3 Understanding future requirements The aim of understanding future requirements was to explore trends impacting on, and being taken up by ABC Biscuit Company, as well as understanding the changes occurring in the context in which ABC Biscuit Company was operating. . 4 Create an effective approach to staff planning The primary purpose of a staffing model is to establish appropriate service level targets and provide the staffing needed to meet your objective on ongoing basis. An effective staffing plan must: 1. Forecast and incorporate all workload into plans 2. Determine base staff requirements to meet target service levels 3. Plan for activities that keep agents from the workload 4. Demonstrate how changes to the workload or staffing will affect the customer 3. 5 Identifying the best staffIts vitally important that organizations have their fingers on the talent pulse and that senior managers have a clear picture of the key skills, knowl edge, and expertise they will need to draw on to guide them through the downturn and those they will need to take advantage of the upturn when it comes. 3. 6 Hiring the right people with the right skills Committed, motivated, qualified employees help ABC Biscuit Company to achieve its purpose. Hiring right can be time consuming, but human resources are a substantial investment and limited financial resources mean that hiring mistakes can be a huge financial burden. . 7 Conduct an effective induction program Currently ABC Biscuit Company facing a major issue of high turn over which is 80% of new hires are leaving within the first six months. The solution is  a well-thought out induction process that helps ensure that new hires feel comfortable in their new job and to prevent new comers leaving the organization within the probation period. Objective of an induction program To ensure the new employee is set up to succeed in their new role. You need to ensure they understand: * The co mpany, policies and organization structure Job, department and company goals and objectives * All aspects of the employment relationship * Available communication channels * The geography of the work place Benefits of an induction program * Accurate information is received by the new employee * Employees are kept focused and busy from day one * The new employee feels welcome * A professional impression of the company and your management style is created * Clear expectations are established to help employee performance * Reduce turnover 4. Handling Mr. Benjamin’s situation Mr. Benjamin was an owner of a Catering Service in UK.He doesn’t have any knowledge about sales and marketing. Since Mr. Benjamin had a strong contacts with most of the tea importers in the UK, Mr. De Silva (Finance manager of ABC Biscuit Company) who is handling all recruitments, hired Mr. Benjamin as the Sales and Marketing Manager of the company. Even after offering a permanent contract for Mr. Ben jamin, he has not introduced a single customer to the company. As a consequence of poor hiring methods of Mr. De Silva, the decision of hiring Mr. Benjamin had cause high cost to the company. Cost of Mr. Benjamin per month; Salary – Rs 125,000Vehicle allowance – Rs 50,000 Fuel Allowance – Rs 30,000 Telephone Bill – Rs 25,000 Hiring the wrong employee obviously has many costs and calculating the complete cost is near impossible. Unfortunately, the costs are felt throughout the company directly and indirectly. Following can be considered in order to overcome this problem; 4. 1 Do Post Mortems Armed with accurate data and examples and spend time with Mr. Benjamin determining why his hire didnt work out. Use this information to revisit hiring practices or selection criteria and make sure there is a way to successfully put in place positive changes. . 2 Help the problematic employee to get back on track. Once Mr. Benjamin begins to understand that these negati ve behaviors and performance are real and affect organization’s goals and objectives, the manager or someone from human resources should begin to coach him in displaying more acceptable and appropriate behaviors. The employee needs time and practice in trying on new to perform well. HR and/or the manager need to provide specific feedback to this employee on the success or failure of his efforts in minimizing the negative actions and implementing ones that are more positive. . 3 Offer an internal transfer As Mr. Benjamin doesn’t have any sales and marketing skills I also recommended to offer an internal transfer to a parallel in another division, For example, he can be transfer to operational division where he can manage machine operators. 4. 4 Termination may be necessary If Mr. Benjamin continues to perform and refuses to try to introduce any customer to the company, the manager needs to place this person on the fast track towards termination. 4. 5 Needs to look beyon d the dates on a resume and focus on the skill sets the candidate brings to the tableWorking with a recruiter who specializes in a given field  can help hiring managers identify job candidates with the appropriate skills in order to replace Mr. Benjamin’s position. Most recruiting firms conduct skills testing, which provides added assurance a prospective employee’s skills are a match. 5. Conclusion In most businesses the single biggest cost is its staff. The starting point is getting the right people into the organization. People are vital to the success of any organization.It has been shown repeatedly that poor recruitment practices result in high labor turnover and absenteeism, with a consequent increase in costs. If the right people are recruited in the first place, they are likely to stay, fit into your organization and work to optimum effect. Everyone  is extremely aware of the impact of a poor recruitment decision. By employing someone who is inappropriate fo r a vacancy, faculties, departments and divisions incur considerable costs in time, money  and effort to bring the individual up to standard.When considering ABC Biscuit Company case, because of top manager’s wrong decision making, Finance manager has been appointed to handle all recruitments of the company, as a result of this wrong decision, poor HR management practice in the company. ABC Biscuit Company needs to be really rigorous about their recruitment practices. To get the maximum benefit from the recruitment of human resources to the company it is vital to recognize the skills, knowledge and attitudes of candidates. As per the ABC Biscuit Company case, company had to bare high cost due to recruitment of Mr. Benjamin.This happened because of poor recruitment of Mr. De Silva and not recognizing Skill, Knowledge and Attitude of candidates. Further to overcome these problems, ABC Biscuit Company has to implement sound Human Resource Plan. Systematic analysis of HR needs in order to ensure that correct numbers of employees with the necessary skills are available when they are required. HR Planning involves gathering of information, making objectives, and making decisions to enable the organization achieve its objectives. Surprisingly, this aspect of HR is one of the most neglected in the HR field. 6.Recommended Recruitment and Selection Procedure 6. 1 Purpose of the procedure Recruiting and selecting the right people is paramount to the success of ABC Biscuit Company and its ability to retain a workforce of the highest quality. This Recruitment and Selection Procedure provides guidelines and policies to assist supervisors hire the best people on merit and that the recruitment process is free from bias and discrimination. 6. 2 Recruitment and Selection Procedure 1. Assess the need for the job and ensure adequate funding 2. Review the job description to ensure that it meets the present and future

Hugo essays

Hugo essays Victor Hugo was born in Besancon in 1802. He was the son of an army general and a conservative mother. Most of his childhood was spent pursuing the campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars. When Hugo was 16, his parents separated and Hugo went to live with his mother in Paris. He was both privately educated and attended public school. Hugo was an intelligent child and developed a gift for writing early. In early adolescence, he began to write verse tragedies and poetry and translated Virgil. Odes Et Poesies Diverses was Hugo first collection of poetry and it earned Hugo a royal pension of 3,000 francs a year from Louis XVIII. Hugo continued to receive attention from French Kings. At the age of 23, he was invested as a Chevalier of the Legion dHonneur. In 1823, Hugo made his debut as a novelist with Han DIslande along with Bug-Jargal in 1826. By this time, Hugo had already married Adele Foucher and had a young child. In the preface to Hugos historical drama Cromwell (1827), Hugo pleaded from freedom from classical restrictions. This plea was quickly made the manifesto of the romantic school. Censors banned Hugos second drama in 1829, Marion de Lorme. The drama was based on the life of a 17th century French courtesan. Hugo responded to the ban with Hernani, a poetic drama that was unlike the conventions of the French theater. This drama caused a riot between the classicists and the romanticists. Hugos next work was The Hunchback of Notre Dame and it was an instant success. The novel is set in 15th century Paris and is about a gypsy, Esmeralda, and a deformed bell ringer, Quasimodo, and his love for her. Around this time, Hugo met Juilette Drouer, an actress. She was Hugos mistress for the following 50 years. She was not Hugos only mistress but she was his most loyal. She wrote him at least a letter a day and never lived farther than walking distance from hi ...

Biography of José Santos Zelaya

Biography of Josà © Santos Zelaya Josà © Santos Zelaya (1853-1919) was a Nicaraguan dictator and president from 1893 to 1909. His record is a mixed one: the country progressed in terms of railroads, communications, commerce, and education, but he was also a tyrant who jailed or assassinated his critics and stirred up rebellions in neighboring nations. By 1909 his enemies had multiplied enough to drive him from office, and he spent the rest of his life in exile in Mexico, Spain, and New York. Early Life Josà © was born into a wealthy family of coffee growers. They were able to send Josà © to the best schools, including some in Paris, which was quite the fashion for young Central Americans of means. Liberals and Conservatives were feuding at the time, and the country was ruled by a series of Conservatives from 1863 to 1893. Josà © joined a Liberal group and soon rose to a position of leadership. Rise to the Presidency The Conservatives had held onto power in Nicaragua for 30 years, but their grip was beginning to loosen. President Roberto Sacasa (in office 1889-1893) saw his party splinter when former President Joaquà ­n Zavala led an internal revolt: the result was three different Conservative presidents at different times in 1893. With the Conservatives in disarray, the Liberals were able to seize power with the assistance of the military. Forty-year-old Josà © Santos Zelaya was the Liberals’ choice for President. Annex of the Mosquito Coast Nicaragua’s Caribbean coast had long been a bone of contention between Nicaragua, Great Britain, the United States and the Miskito Indians who made their home there (and who gave the place its name). Great Britain declared the area a protectorate, hoping eventually to establish a colony there and perhaps construct a canal to the Pacific. Nicaragua has always claimed the area, however, and Zelaya sent forces to occupy and annex it in 1894, naming it the Province of Zelaya. Great Britain decided to let it go, and although the US sent some Marines to occupy the city of Bluefields for a while, they, too, retreated. Corruption Zelaya proved to be a despotic ruler. He drove his Conservative opponents into ruin and even ordered some of them arrested, tortured and killed. He turned his back on his liberal supporters, instead surrounding himself with like-minded crooks. Together, they sold concessions to foreign interests and kept the money, siphoned off of lucrative state monopolies, and increased tolls and taxes. Progress It wasn’t all bad for Nicaragua under Zelaya. He built new schools and improved education by providing books and materials and raising teacher salaries. He was a big believer in transportation and communication, and new railroads were built. Steamers carried goods across the lakes, coffee production boomed, and the country prospered, especially those individuals with connections to President Zelaya. He also built up the national capital at neutral Managua, leading to a decrease in the feuding between traditional powers Leà ³n and Granada. Central American Union Zelaya had a vision of a united Central America- with himself as President, of course. To this end, he started stirring up unrest in neighboring countries. In 1906, he invaded Guatemala, allied with El Salvador and Costa Rica. He supported a rebellion against the government of Honduras, and when that failed, he sent the Nicaraguan army into Honduras. Together with the El Salvadoran Army, they were able to defeat the Hondurans and occupy Tegucigalpa. The Washington Conference of 1907 This prompted Mexico and the United States to call for the Washington Conference of 1907, at which a legal body called the Central American Court was created to solve disputes in Central America. The small countries of the region signed an agreement not to meddle in one another’s affairs. Zelaya signed but did not stop trying to stir up rebellions in neighboring countries. Rebellion By 1909 Zelaya’s enemies had multiplied. The United States considered him an impediment to their interests, and he was despised by Liberals as well as Conservatives in Nicaragua. In October, Liberal General Juan Estrada declared a rebellion. The United States, which had been keeping some warships close to Nicaragua, quickly moved to support it. When two Americans who were among the rebels were captured and killed, the US broke off diplomatic relations and once again sent Marines into Bluefields, ostensibly to protect US investments. Exile and Legacy of Josà © Santos Zelaya Zelaya, no fool, could see the writing on the wall. He left Nicaragua in December of 1909, leaving the treasury empty and the nation in shambles. Nicaragua had much foreign debt, most of it to European nations and Washington sent experienced diplomat Thomas C. Dawson to sort things out. Eventually, the Liberals and Conservatives returned to bickering, and the US occupied Nicaragua in 1912, making it a protectorate in 1916. As for Zelaya, he spent time in exile in Mexico, Spain, and even New York, where he was briefly jailed for his role in the deaths of the two Americans in 1909. He died in 1919. Zelaya left a mixed legacy in his nation. Long after the mess he had left had been cleared up, the good remained: the schools, the transportation, the coffee plantations, etc. Even though most Nicaraguans hated him in 1909, by the late twentieth-century opinion of him had improved enough for his likeness to be featured on Nicaragua’s 20 Cordoba note. His defiance of the United States and Great Britain over the Mosquito Coast in 1894 contributed greatly to his legend, and it is this act which is still remembered most about him today. Memories of his dictatorship have also faded due to subsequent strongmen taking over Nicaragua, such as Anastasio Somoza Garcà ­a. In many ways, he was a precursor to the corrupt men that followed him into the President’s chair, but their malfeasance eventually overshadowed his. Sources: Foster, Lynn V. New York: Checkmark Books, 2007. Herring, Hubert. A History of Latin America From the Beginnings to the Present. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962.

Help to the third world countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Help to the third world countries - Essay Example US needs to change the way it gives donation from giving relief aid to education so that third world countries will become less dependent for foreign aid. When US provides more funds for education, it has the effect of reducing poverty thus making the aid lesser in the future because third world countries can already help themselves. Education teaches knowledge and skills that enables people to make a living that would better their lives and communities. Unlike giving relief aid, giving donation towards education has economic returns for the beneficiary. According to the article of Hugh Evans, the years added to the education of children has an equivalent of 0.37 percent. He also added that if secondary education is higher by 10 percent that the average, war is reduced by around 3 percent. This means that giving aid in education provides economic benefit as well as peace. It would even be better if the aid given to education is extended to young girls. In the same report of Evans, it showed that by educating young girls, it will also have the effect of lowering infant mortality rates. And since there are more babies growing to become adults, crop harvest increases because there are more help to do the harvest. It follows then that when there are more harvest, there is more income that will be earned by a family to improve their lives. The best way to do foreign aid is to focus it towards education. It is because it helps people help themselves and make them less dependent to others. Therefore, their benefit is more.

EU Law Coursework 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU Law Coursework 2008 - Essay Example of a Member State to fulfil its obligations under an EC Directive was raised in the case of Commission of the European Communities v Portugese Republic.1 The European Commission brought action against Portugal under Article 226 for a declaration that a feature of its national legislation contravened the objectives of the EC Treaty and interfered with the objectives of the Treaty to permit free movement of goods throughout the European Union. The Court in this instance rejected all its arguments supporting its legislation on the grounds of safety and public policy, stating that the Portugese Government was going beyond what was necessary to achieve the objectives being pursued.2 The Court held that the Portuguese legislation was in contravention of EC Directives and ordered it to pay the costs because it was the unsuccessful party in its submissions.3 The Commission was able to bring against the member State of Portugal on the strength of Article 226. One of the problems in enforcing Community legislation, especially in environmental issues for example, has been the â€Å"problems of communication and conformity† by the Member States which in turn have led to an inadequate application of EC law 4. The objective of Article 226 is to address the insufficient levels of Member state transposition of Directives, because it allows the Commission to start infringement proceedings against the Member State that is not complying with a Directive. Earlier, proceedings under Article 226 appear to have been brought forward by the Commission on an ad hoc basis; moreover since Member States can delay the implementation of an Article 226 judgment until the penalty provision under Article 228 begins to operate, this provides them with several years wherein the infringement can continue. In its response to the Commission, the UK contends that its legislative process has not yet been fully completed, which has delayed the specific legislation, but that the Courts will apply the

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is Cyberpunk :: Neuromancer

William Gibson’s Neuromancer is Cyberpunk   Science fiction somehow manages to place human characters in situations where the ideas and the thoughts of science and morality are intertwined.   Science fiction must have some idea components and some human components to be successful.   This novel seems to be a contrast to the believers in technological progress as it presents a colorful, but depressing and desolate future. The loss of individuality due to technological advances becomes a major theme in cyberpunk.   This presents a dismal view of the individual in society.   The cyberpunk genre developed from â€Å"a new kind of integration.   The overlapping of worlds that were formerly separate: the realm of high tech, and the modern pop underground† (p. 345) 1.   Neuromancer not only falls into this category, it may be the first cyberpunk novel ever written. Gibson’s prose is too dense and tangled for casual readers, such as myself.   His characters are shallow and stereotyped.   The character â€Å"Case† has no purpose apart from existing in cyberspace and abusing drugs.   â€Å"Molly,† his companion, is a mercenary with questionable morals.   John Christie seems to agree with my analysis of this novel: â€Å"Gibson constructs characters which are themselves flat images, beings of no psychological depth, but whose interest and significance derive from their semiotic lineage, in comic, film, pulp crime fiction, and other science fiction† (p. 46) 2.  Ã‚   (Gibson offers his readers a dystopian novel) (by presenting a cyberpunk world where things are generally bleak and they will become worse with time and technology.)   Cyberpunk is supposed to be the vision of a new technological world.   However, the negative portrayal of the integration of technology and society is a fundamental tenet of the literature.   This presents a pessimistic view of scientific advancement.   The genre’s dark tones, seen repeatedly in Neuromancer, emphasize the bleak images throughout the futuristic fiction.   The constant conflict between the individual and a technologically advanced society is a major theme as it stresses man’s insignificance.   These characteristics are interwoven into the fabric of cyberpunk and form a bleak image of science fiction and the future.   Gibson is very vague when describing the specific architecture and nuances of technology used in the designs of the futuristic objects.   This lack of definite details is due to the fact that cyberpunk literature resists the concepts of technology.   The basic precepts of the cyberpunk genre consists of technology as hindrance to man, stories that are saturated in dark and dreary themes, and a character, †Case,† that will either fail or conform to a structured society.

Race Ethnicity and Literature Essay

I have had an opportunity to read three great short stories. The short stories were â€Å"The Welcome Table, Country Lovers, and Child of the Americas. † All of them were amazing stories, betraying ethnic challenges, and some responsibilities. I think overall, everyone should read those stories in order to get certain perspective on culture, and understanding on how they lived during the time frame in their life. I also think the short stories provide an understanding in some respects, of how racial divide was apparent during that timeframe. As far as a declarative statement on this matter, I would like to show examples of the literature readings as it correlates with the perspectives of the racial divide, segregation, and overall trials in which ethnic individuals have had to go through. The assertion, I would like to provide is that, short stories can be a direct reflection on time periods that are occurring in life in spite of it being fiction. Our ancestors lived in a time of slavery and segregation. There was no unity between mankind unless the skin color was the same. There was no equality between man and woman and there was no justification to why anyone would be treated superbly unless they were white. It was thought that black people were diseased, filthy and inferior. Over the years, it took people like Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , Rosa Parks, and Harriett Tubman to make a statement and help change the future for all other races, not just African Americans. Today, although racism still exists, it is illegal to discriminate against anyone for any reason to include race. The Literary works such as â€Å"Alice Walker’s The Welcome Table, Nadine Gordimer’s Country Lovers, and Aurora Levin’s Morales’s Child of the Americas† give feeling, and meaning to the different angles of racial segregation and acceptance. These literary pieces open one’s eyes and heart to what has been experienced by many if not by one personally. The Welcome Table by Alice Walker is a story about an old, African American woman who is looked down on by the white community. On her way to church, she was stared at with disgust, with pity and with fear. Once inside the church, it was made clear that she didn’t belong and was not welcomed there. â€Å"Under the old woman’s arms they raised their fists, flexed their muscular shoulders, and out she flew through the door, back under the cold blue sky† (Clugston. , 2010)Upon being thrown out, the old woman saw Jesus approaching and soon walked away with him. She walked herself to death and yet no one ever spoke of the ragged old women. No one cared what happened to her for she was just an old black woman who stepped in to the house of God, the God of the white race, a place in which she didn’t belong. It is stories like these that make you wonder of the cruelty that was endured by many in the past. Alice Walker made it clear in her short story the feeling and thought that many had toward African American. Her description of the old woman was strong enough to paint a vivid picture of what the woman looked like. â€Å"She was angular and lean and the color of poor gray Georgia earth, beaten by king cotton and the extreme weather† (Clugston, 2010). African Americans worked harder than everyone else on the farms of the past. They were owned by the white farmers during slavery and even after slavery was abolished, they still were employed by the white farmers. Walker makes it easier to understand that although slavery was no longer, segregation and hatred to all who were African American was still very strong. There was no acceptance from anyone regardless of the fact that most of the white families were taken care of or raised by African Americans. There was no sympathy, just disgust and disapproval. Unlike Walker’s piece, Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer shows a slightly different side of race and segregation. In Walker’s piece, there was no acceptance, no love, no feeling of mutuality. Gordimer on the other hand, talks about children playing together in the yard and fields. Race having no impact on how they interact, the kids play together and get along like family. As the time goes on and the kids get older, they begin to go their separate ways. The white children are sent off to school while the black children begin to work around the house and farm. A white boy and black girl from the story grow up together as close friends. They establish a relationship that compares to no other. When the boy goes off to school, he continues to stay friends with the girl. As he gets older and he hangs out more with his white school friends, he hides his friendship with his childhood friend. The friendship between the two had bloomed to something more, it had bloomed into a secret love. What would the rest of his family or friends think or say had they known that he loved this girl? A black employee to the boy’s father like in â€Å"The Welcome Table,† black people were looked down and were only good and useful to tend to the fields and the house work. They were not meant for friendship or relationships; they are not accepted as social beings. They are strictly workers. At the end of the story, the sexual and loving relationship that once was, is brought to an end by the birth of a baby that was unwanted and denied by the white boy. He refuses to admit his love and to differ from the world around him. Why wouldn’t he profess his love for this girl now that they have a child together? I believe this piece shows how society plays such a great role in the actions, feelings, and thoughts of humans everywhere. Had racial segregation been something of a distant dream, would the outcome be the same. Why do people act based on the perception and thought of those around them? Race plays a major role in Gordimer’s story. It determines the outcome of the story from start to finish. How many people have gone through a situation of the sort? For those who do not know what it feels like to be discriminated against because of race, this story takes a very personal subject and ties it in emotionally. Many people have experienced love and parenthood. How would one feel if the love of their life denied them in front of everyone because of their skin color? What if their child was denied or killed because of what others would say or do? Losing someone is never easy but to lose someone over something uncontrollable like race, it is heartbreaking. Readers are able to relate and feel what this young black girl is feeling as she grows up and away from the boy she has always loved. The relationship starts as one that everyone can relate to; a story of friends and soon turns in to a heart-felt, pain stricken story of betrayal and solitude. It was not until after the Civil War that segregation became illegal. There were still many states that were fighting for complete desegregation but African Americans were able to do things that their ancestors could only dream (Cozzens, 1995). Although integration of races was put into order by law, people found other ways to show their disapproval for what they believed was the inferior race: African Americans. Political groups formed in retaliation to the integration laws that had been passed and were taking effect. In the 1960’s, following many Civil Rights movements, a group known as the Ku Klux Klan became very active and violent towards who they thought were un-American. This abuse and hatred was towards more than just African Americans, it went towards Jews, Catholics and immigrants as a whole (Newton, 2007) Knowing that African Americans were not the only ones in the world hated by the white American society, Aurora Levin’s Morales’s poem Child of the Americas the acceptance of one’s race regardless of the thoughts of society. In this poem, Morales describes herself as an American, Puerto Rican, Taina, Mestiza, Caribbean, European, African, and altogether, an immigrant (Clugston. , 2010). She goes on to talk about how she lives her life in a certain way particular to each individual race. Each piece lives within her and she is happy and proud of the person she is. In today’s society, many people are not happy with themselves and try to conform to what they feel is socially acceptable. Morales’s poem opens up the hearts and minds to those who are mixed or born outside of the United States. Many feel like outsiders, like they do not belong. Instead of being themselves and being happy whether they get the approval of all or not, many sell themselves short in order to please. I believe Morales’s poem paints a very clear and concise picture across the page. The poem show that no matter what society thinks, one will never be happy or satisfied without being happy or satisfied with oneself. Morales using very distinguishing actions that one could relate to being Hispanic or a â€Å"child of the Americas†. She uses everyday life experiences that many can relate to vice fictional ideas that would make ones imagination do all the work. It is almost as if she was speaking not only for herself but for every Latin American that lives in the United States. â€Å"I was born at the crossroads and I am whole† (Clugston. , 2010). â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects individuals against employment discrimination on the bases of race and color, as well as national origin, sex, and religion. Title VII applies to employers with 15 or more employees, including state and local governments. It also applies to employment agencies and to labor organizations, as well as to the federal government† (The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2011). It is laws like these that keep our country somewhat free from races and cultures being treated as inferior. Although there are many different laws against racism, segregation and discrimination, it still occurs in today’s world. Each literary piece described above is different in many ways. There are underlying factors which give each story its own theme but at the end, race is represented very strongly within them all. Had the world not been so racial divided, would these storied have the same meaning? Would these pieces even exist? Race and how it is looked upon is the main theme that each story has in common. Although unconditional love, self-acceptance and social standing are also a theme within the three pieces, it is hard to look over the common denominator. Many times, writers can write about similar stories but different underlying themes change the way the stories are interpreted and what is taken from the story as a lesson learned. For example, had another write wrote a poem about being mixed in race but being widely accepted or being the popular person in society, the focus would be put on the social life vice the personal acceptance and gratification of being a happy individual that Morales shows in her piece. Had Walker’s piece been focused more towards Jesus and his acceptance of all regardless of race, the outcome of the story may have changed. The story may have revolved on praise and worship vice who treated the old woman poorly and why. As we learn to read and divulge in many different literary works, we learn to notice different themes and meanings behind each piece. Themes like race are very noticeable and very strong themes that get the wheels turning in the mind. Not many people can realize a theme in a story but the three pieces discussed in this paper all have very obvious and very strong themes that anyone and everyone can empathize and relate to. How can one read something of the sort and not relate or imagine feeling? It is nearly impossible especially since it is something that was fought for by many for years on end. It is something that many have witnessed or heard stories about; a part of history that will never be forgotten. Although literary works may be similar in theme or topic they are far from written the same way. The literary pieces discussed are all just as different as they are similar. Each work is written differently, conveys different emotions and reactions and overall expresses a different level of understanding. Point of view differs within each piece and with the difference it makes the reader’s perception of the story different. For example, Morales writes her piece using the first person point of view. It gives the reader a personal insight to what the writer is feeling and trying to express. Third person point of view leaves the readers mind open to visualization of many different things. There are many stories out in the world that touch base with issues such as racism, segregation, and discrimination. Whether in first person or third person; whether fact or fiction, these stories and poems all have share similar meaning and theme. Writers of racial themes put across the pain and chaos that these difference cause. Many people often times fail to see the pain behind things such as discrimination but through symbolism, metaphors, and other key literary terms these feelings, emotions and experiences are brought to light. Race is an issue that many people deal with on a day to day basis regardless what side of the spectrum they are on. Having read each piece of work, I can say that themes in each were very different yet strong and imaginative. A reader can never say that the imagination was not stimulated with the thought and understanding of each piece of work. Each piece establishes a sense of strength, love and personal experience throughout the piece. As a reader, I can say that after reading each piece I felt connected to the characters within whether it is imaginatively or realistically. Racism exists even to this day. We witness it through hate crimes committed in some of what are thought to be the safest places, like schools and churches. The Jena 6 controversy in Louisiana was a situation in which a white student was beaten up by a group of African American students after three nooses were left hanging on a tree where one of the African American students sat the day before. This tree was said to be a hangout for white students only (â€Å"The case of the Jena six: black high school students charged with attempted murder for schoolyard fight after nooses are hung from tree [Radio series episode].,† 2007). This controversy became a national headline in the news because many saw it as African Americans being portrayed as inferior and the root of all evil. People did not see any wrong from anyone else but the African Americans and vice versa. This and other such issues leave people with the feeling that racism and discrimination is something that is among us all and subject to come out when we least expect it. Can literary works like the ones discussed open up the eyes of the readers to the feelings that hatred and racial segregation causes? I believe that each one of these literary works has a strong racial theme and each one can impact a reader in a way that was not expected. As we become strong and more in depth readers, themes like these will become more vibrant and obvious to see. Race and ethnicity is nothing more than an exterior color and difference in geographical location (Hallam, 2004). The authors make it clear that these difference cause lots of separation and heartache. These themes not only educate on historical experience but on what should be put to rest as an unhappy and disapproving issue that is ongoing in society.

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