A Short History of Violent Buddhism

Founded around 2,400 years ago, Buddhism is probably the most pacifistic of the major world religions. Siddhartha Gautama, who reached enlightenment and became the Buddha, preached not just non-violence toward other human beings, but non-harming of all living things. He said, As I am, so are these. As are these, so am I. Drawing the parallel to yourself, neither kill nor convince others to kill. His teachings stand in stark contrast to those of the other major religions, which advocate execution and warfare against people who fail to adhere to the religions tenets. Dont Forget, Buddhists Are Only Human Of course, Buddhists are human beings and it should come as no surprise that lay Buddhists over the centuries have sometimes marched out to war. Some have committed murder, and many eat meat despite theological teachings that stress vegetarianism. To an outsider with a perhaps stereotypical view of Buddhism as introspective and serene, it is more surprising to learn that Buddhist monks have also participated in and even instigated violence over the years. Buddhist Warfare One of the most famous early examples of Buddhist warfare is the history of fighting associated with the Shaolin Temple in China. For most of their history, the monks who invented kung fu (wushu) used their martial skills mainly in self-defense; however, at certain points, they actively sought out warfare, as in the mid-16th century when they answered the central governments call for aid in the fight against Japanese pirates. Tradition of Warrior-Monks Speaking of Japan, the Japanese also have a long tradition of warrior-monks or yamabushi. During the late 1500s, as Oda Nobunaga and Hideyoshi Toyotomi were reunifying Japan after the chaotic Sengoku period, most of the famous temples of warrior monks were targeted for extermination. One famous (or infamous) example is the Enryaku-ji, which was burned to the ground by Nobunagas forces in 1571, with a death toll of about 20,000. The Tokugawa Period Although the dawn of the Tokugawa Period saw the warrior-monks crushed, militarism and Buddhism joined forces once more in 20th century Japan, before and during the Second World War. In 1932, for example, an unordained Buddhist preacher called Nissho Inoue hatched a plot to assassinate major liberal or westernizing political and business figures in Japan so as to restore full political power to Emperor Hirohito. Called the League of Blood Incident, this scheme targeted 20 people and managed to assassinate two of them before the Leagues members were arrested. Once the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II began, various Zen Buddhist organizations in Japan carried out funding drives to buy war material and even weapons. Japanese Buddhism was not quite so closely associated with violent nationalism as Shinto was, but many monks and other religious figures participated in the rising tide of Japanese nationalism and war-mongering.  Some excused the connection by pointing to the tradition of samurai being Zen devotees. In Recent Times In more recent times, unfortunately, Buddhist monks in other countries have also encouraged and even participated in wars - particular wars against religious minority groups in predominantly Buddhist nations. One example is in Sri Lanka, where radical Buddhist monks formed a group called the Buddhist Power Force, or B.B.S., which provoked violence against the Hindu Tamil population of northern Sri Lanka, against Muslim immigrants, and also against moderate Buddhists who spoke up about the violence. Although the Sri Lankan Civil War against the Tamils ended in 2009, the B.B.S. remains active to this day. Example of Buddhist Monks Committing Violence Another very disturbing example of Buddhist monks inciting and committing violence is the situation in Myanmar (Burma), where hard-line monks have been leading the persecution of a Muslim minority group called the Rohingya. Led by an ultra-nationalist monk called Ashin Wirathu, who has given himself the bewildering nickname of the Burmese Bin Laden, mobs of saffron-robed monks have led attacks on Rohingya neighborhoods and villages, attacking mosques, burning homes, and assaulting people.  Ã‚   In both the Sri Lankan and Burmese examples, the monks see Buddhism as a key component of their national identity. They consider any non-Buddhists in the population than to be a threat to the unity and strength of the nation. As a result, they react with violence.  Perhaps, if Prince Siddhartha was alive today, he would remind them that they should not nurture such an attachment to the idea of the nation.

Assess the Usefulness of Functionalist Approaches in...

Functionalists look at society as a whole. They explain crime and deviance by stating that the source of deviance lies in the nature of society rather than the individual. Durkheim states that crime and deviance is inevitable and a certain level is necessary for society to exist. He also claims that it is a positive aspect of society as it shows examples of rights and wrongs within society and by punishing offenders, through ways such as public humiliation and portraying crime as wrong, raises awareness of crime and therefore deters others from committing crime along with creating a collective conscience. He also argues that crime and deviance allows social change to occur which is needed in order for society to remain stable. Durkheim’s†¦show more content†¦He believes that the formation of the subcultures release the status frustration by creating their own values for achieving status and therefore deviant behaviour becomes normal and valued within the group. This is useful when looking at explanations of crime as it highlights that crime and deviance is a collective rational response to the norms and values of society. However, Cohen fails to consider why women in society commit crimes and form subcultures. He has also been criticised as we cannot be sure that the working class know the middle class values enough in order to purposely reject them. Furthermore, Cloward and Ohlin combine Merton and Cohen’s theories by stating that there is a legitimate opportunity such as passing exams and getting a job, and an illegitimate opportunity, such as gangs. They believe that the working class have easier access to the illegitimate structure meaning that it is easier for them to commit more crimes and so face more pressure to do so. Cloward and Ohlin claim that there are 3 types of subcultures: criminal subculture in which people climb the professional criminal hierarchy, conflict subculture in which there is little/no social cohesion and retreatest subcultures in which people fail in both the legitimate and illegitimate opportunity and retreat to things such as alcohol and drugs. This is useful when looking at explanations of crime as it highlights theShow MoreRelatedFunctionalism and Crime and Deviance Essay913 Words   |  4 Pagesand elsewhere, assess the usefulness of functionalist approaches in explaining crime (21 Marks) Item A Functionalist sociologists focus on how far individuals accept the norms and values of society. Central to their study of crime is the attempt to understand why people break the rules of society. Despite their focus on the importance of shared norms and values, functionalists see a small amount of crime as necessary and beneficial to society. 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The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired Free Essays

Providing a student-friendly classroom especially for those who are visually impaired is a great challenge for educational institutions, especially the teachers. It takes great effort for the teacher to establish a classroom setup that is suited for the needs, demands, and limitations of students with visual impairments. Consequently, it also takes much effort for visually impaired students to adapt themselves, especially in moving around the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, several arrangements and adjustments must be developed in order to offer students who are visually impaired and their families an assurance of quality learning and student-friendly classrooms that would facilitate the needs and limitations of their students. Moving around the classroom is one of the major issues involved when talking about the classroom setup and the visually impaired students. Certain physical changes or alterations to the classroom setup may be the ultimate answer in addressing this problem. Students who are visually impaired may suffer different conditions such as partial or total impairment, nearsighted or farsighted, tunnel or peripheral vision, etc. (Fame, 2008) With these varied conditions and needs, and the classroom must be flexible enough to possess all that is necessary in accommodating students with varied visual impairments. From the beginning of classroom instruction, the classroom should already be set up for the students. From this day forward, the teacher should not make any changes to the set up of the classroom as changes or alterations may confuse the students, not to mention cause accidents. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Students who are visually impaired also utilize different instructional aids and equipments that help them adapt or accommodate themselves into the structure of the classroom. This includes walking sticks or canes, brailles, even guide dogs, etc. (Fame, 2008) The classroom should provide a vast space for these instructional aids and equipments, especially for guide dogs. Moreover, the classroom should be arranged in such a way that most of the students may sit in front of the class near the teacher. This is helpful for them to hear what the teacher is saying, especially because visually impaired students are able to do their activities and follow instruction by listening to what the teacher is saying. Because of this, the classroom environment should be quiet enough to facilitate listening in the classroom. Doors should be closed in order to shut off unnecessary noise. Perhaps, the teacher may ask other students to refrain from making any unnecessary noise in order for the students to hear what the teacher is saying without any disruptions. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Other strategies that would be helpful in facilitating movement for the visually impaired is to arrange the seats in such a way that it nearest the door. In addition, the tables or chairs in the classroom should accommodate all the instructional aids and equipments in order to prevent the student from standing up to get what he needs during classroom instruction. Other school facilities, such as the comfort room, the school cafeteria, etc. should be nearest to the classroom. In addition, the classroom itself should be located in the ground floor of the building. To facilitate the inclusion of the student with visual impairments in the class, the teacher should refrain from using visual aids in teaching. It is also a good idea if each lecture is taped and then provided for visually impaired students for them to be able to listen to lectures and discussions when needed. Being descriptive, rather than visual, during lecture or discussion would greatly help in making students understand what the lesson is all about. Moreover, classroom instruction should not involve any writing or other activities that are not suited for the visually impaired student. Finally, inclusion is easily accomplished by setting up ways for social interactions within the classroom such as group discussions and group activities. Case Study: Is it Fair? 1. The major issue or problem in this case has something to do with language and culture. The Hernandez family badly wants their daughter, Rosa to undergo cochlear implants in order for her to hear again. However, doing so requires follow up after the implant, and that is attending oral classes in order to facilitate auditory and speech training. In this case, the school uses only English as the medium of instruction. Therefore, they required the family to speak English at home for Rosa to be able to continue auditory and speech training even in the house. The Hernandez family refused. 2. The Hernandez family’s devotion for their culture and language motivated them to refuse the offer. For Piedmont, they believed that follow up is necessary in order for children who underwent cochlear implants to maximize the auditory and speech skills after the operation. 3. I believe that it was unnecessary. There is such a term as bilingualism, and I think language is acquired through learning. Therefore, it is possible for Rosa to learn English even if they do not speak it at home. The school should have suggested that they learn English especially because they are moving in the state, and not requiring them to entirely speak in English by force. 4. It is fair; however, since they are the only oral school available for children who have undergone cochlear implants, they should be open for other cultures as well. They should have anticipated that since they are the only one within the state, there would be other children who speak other languages who would be referred to their school. Therefore, they should consider this situation in their instructional plan or program. 5. Yes, they should make an exception. It is because the family is willing to move to the state anyway and they will be forced to learn the language in order to adapt to the community. I think there is no need to force them, because naturally learning English would come naturally to them. 6. The advantages of oral and total communication are that it allows the child to be able to maximize his hearing and speech by learning. The child is not limited to one particular skill for communicating such as the sign language, lip reading, etc. but he is immersed to the use of his hearing and communicating by speaking. The disadvantage of this program lies in its one-sidedness and dependence on only one option for auditory and oral training, and that is classroom instruction. Doctors insist that hearing and oral training may only be accomplished through classroom instruction, but is it not possible to instruct or inform the family in developing auditory and oral skills within the child. How to cite The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired, Papers The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired Free Essays Providing a student-friendly classroom especially for those who are visually impaired is a great challenge for educational institutions, especially the teachers. It takes great effort for the teacher to establish a classroom setup that is suited for the needs, demands, and limitations of students with visual impairments. Consequently, it also takes much effort for visually impaired students to adapt themselves, especially in moving around the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, several arrangements and adjustments must be developed in order to offer students who are visually impaired and their families an assurance of quality learning and student-friendly classrooms that would facilitate the needs and limitations of their students. Moving around the classroom is one of the major issues involved when talking about the classroom setup and the visually impaired students. Certain physical changes or alterations to the classroom setup may be the ultimate answer in addressing this problem. Students who are visually impaired may suffer different conditions such as partial or total impairment, nearsighted or farsighted, tunnel or peripheral vision, etc. (Fame, 2008) With these varied conditions and needs, and the classroom must be flexible enough to possess all that is necessary in accommodating students with varied visual impairments. From the beginning of classroom instruction, the classroom should already be set up for the students. From this day forward, the teacher should not make any changes to the set up of the classroom as changes or alterations may confuse the students, not to mention cause accidents. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Students who are visually impaired also utilize different instructional aids and equipments that help them adapt or accommodate themselves into the structure of the classroom. This includes walking sticks or canes, brailles, even guide dogs, etc. (Fame, 2008) The classroom should provide a vast space for these instructional aids and equipments, especially for guide dogs. Moreover, the classroom should be arranged in such a way that most of the students may sit in front of the class near the teacher. This is helpful for them to hear what the teacher is saying, especially because visually impaired students are able to do their activities and follow instruction by listening to what the teacher is saying. Because of this, the classroom environment should be quiet enough to facilitate listening in the classroom. Doors should be closed in order to shut off unnecessary noise. Perhaps, the teacher may ask other students to refrain from making any unnecessary noise in order for the students to hear what the teacher is saying without any disruptions. Center for Teaching and Learning, 2001) Other strategies that would be helpful in facilitating movement for the visually impaired is to arrange the seats in such a way that it nearest the door. In addition, the tables or chairs in the classroom should accommodate all the instructional aids and equipments in order to prevent the student from standing up to get what he needs during classroom instruction. Other school facilities, such as the comfort room, the school cafeteria, etc. should be nearest to the classroom. In addition, the classroom itself should be located in the ground floor of the building. To facilitate the inclusion of the student with visual impairments in the class, the teacher should refrain from using visual aids in teaching. It is also a good idea if each lecture is taped and then provided for visually impaired students for them to be able to listen to lectures and discussions when needed. Being descriptive, rather than visual, during lecture or discussion would greatly help in making students understand what the lesson is all about. Moreover, classroom instruction should not involve any writing or other activities that are not suited for the visually impaired student. Finally, inclusion is easily accomplished by setting up ways for social interactions within the classroom such as group discussions and group activities. Case Study: Is it Fair? 1. The major issue or problem in this case has something to do with language and culture. The Hernandez family badly wants their daughter, Rosa to undergo cochlear implants in order for her to hear again. However, doing so requires follow up after the implant, and that is attending oral classes in order to facilitate auditory and speech training. In this case, the school uses only English as the medium of instruction. Therefore, they required the family to speak English at home for Rosa to be able to continue auditory and speech training even in the house. The Hernandez family refused. 2. The Hernandez family’s devotion for their culture and language motivated them to refuse the offer. For Piedmont, they believed that follow up is necessary in order for children who underwent cochlear implants to maximize the auditory and speech skills after the operation. 3. I believe that it was unnecessary. There is such a term as bilingualism, and I think language is acquired through learning. Therefore, it is possible for Rosa to learn English even if they do not speak it at home. The school should have suggested that they learn English especially because they are moving in the state, and not requiring them to entirely speak in English by force. 4. It is fair; however, since they are the only oral school available for children who have undergone cochlear implants, they should be open for other cultures as well. They should have anticipated that since they are the only one within the state, there would be other children who speak other languages who would be referred to their school. Therefore, they should consider this situation in their instructional plan or program. 5. Yes, they should make an exception. It is because the family is willing to move to the state anyway and they will be forced to learn the language in order to adapt to the community. I think there is no need to force them, because naturally learning English would come naturally to them. 6. The advantages of oral and total communication are that it allows the child to be able to maximize his hearing and speech by learning. The child is not limited to one particular skill for communicating such as the sign language, lip reading, etc. but he is immersed to the use of his hearing and communicating by speaking. The disadvantage of this program lies in its one-sidedness and dependence on only one option for auditory and oral training, and that is classroom instruction. Doctors insist that hearing and oral training may only be accomplished through classroom instruction, but is it not possible to instruct or inform the family in developing auditory and oral skills within the child. How to cite The Classroom Setting for the Visually Impaired, Papers

Macbeth - Does the Lady Lead to Macbeths Demise free essay sample

But his lady, a deeply ambitious woman who is thirsty for power, takes the witch’s false prophecies as words of wisdom and ignites a fire in Macbeth’s heart. A fire for the desire of power that only innocent blood can put out. Lady Macbeth, who lusts for power, leads Macbeth into the world of evil and brings him nothing but demise to his genuine character, just to quench her thirst. In the beginning of the play, the three witches cast their net of false prophecies on Macbeth, which he easily avoids. Later, he writes a letter to Lady Macbeth explaining the incident. After learning about the witch’s false prophecies, Lady Macbeth’s heart starts to throb. Her imagination takes her on new levels of evilness and greed. Now, all she is thinking about is â€Å"The good news† that was in the letter. Her witty little brain is up to no good, planning the quickest route to the crown that will rest on Macbeth’s head. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth Does the Lady Lead to Macbeths Demise? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"O, never shall sun that morrow see! † (Macbeth, act 1, scene IV) she said, in a simple manner, she expresses that Duncan spending the night at Macbeth’s castle, will not live to Patel 2 see tomorrow. â€Å"Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent undert. † (Macbeth, act 1, Scene IV) she says to Macbeth, basically telling him to be evil on the inside but appear innocent on the outside. Lady Macbeth will lead Macbeth to his own demise. Lady Macbeth’s ability to influence and convince Macbeth is great. â€Å"Was the hope drunk? Wherein you dressed yourself? Hath it slept since? And wakes it now, to look so green and pale at what it did so freely? From this time such I account thy love. (Macbeth, act 1, scene 7, line 35) She plays around with innocent Macbeth, questioning his love for her after he tries to stop the mayhem of the murder and backs out. â€Å"What beast was ’t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man; and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man. † (Macbeth, act 1, scene 7, line 48) Lady Macbeth questions Macbeth’s manhood, which i nfuriates him to the extent where he decides to go thru with her strategy to acquire the crown. Lady Macbeth knows exactly how to exploit poor Macbeth. Under the evil Lady Macbeth’s influence, Macbeth is a monster in the making. Lady Macbeth manipulates Macbeth to an extent where Macbeth turns into an insecure and a sly person. â€Å"My hands are of your color, but I shame to wear a heart so white. † (Macbeth, act 2, scene 2, line 64) Lady Macbeth addresses Macbeth as a weak hearted when he’s horrified and overwhelmed after he murders Duncan. Once he did the ‘dirty work’ upon commands from the Lady, he committed numerous acts of horror to keep the secret hidden. It begins when he brutally murders two innocent guards and ends with his own demise along with many other deaths. He turns into an insecure monster; he kills anyone who is considered a threat to him. He murders Banquo, his best friend and Patel 3 attempts to murder Fleonce, Banquo’s son who is going to be a king, according to the witches. â€Å"We have scorched the snake, not killed it. † (Macbeth, act 3, scene 2, line 15) Macbeth’s words after his men kill Banquo but not his son. Macbeth has really turned evil, all due to Lady Macbeth. He has indeed turned into a dangerous serpent on the inside and an innocent flower on the outside. Lady Macbeth has succeeded; she got what she wanted. She is the primary cause of Macbeth’s destruction. She manipulated and pressured Macbeth, which transformed him into a lunatic that died a sad death. Even the greatest man fell because of a lady. Lady Macbeth’s influence was strong and hypnotizing. She was his end, his demise, his regrets, she destroyed Macbeth.

Acoustics In Music Essays - Acoustics, Sound, Qualia, Waves

Acoustics In Music Acoustics in Music Through out the history of music, acoustics have played a major role. After all if it were not for acoustics the quality of sound that we know today would not exist. The word acoustics comes from the Greek word akouein, which means, to hear(Encarta Encyclopedia). Since music has to be heard in most cases for enjoyment, acoustics obviously take on a very important role in the pleasure that music brings to the ear. Acoustical architecture and design are two key elements in the way music sounds. For example, an electric guitar played in a concert hall would sound very different compared to the sound produced in a small room. These differences can be explained by the acoustical design of the room and the reverb created by both the instrument and the room in which it is played. These differences signify the importance of acoustics in music. Nelson 2 A Roman architect named Marcus Pollio, who lived in the first century BC, was the first to study the acoustics of buildings. He made some pertinent observations on the subject and some astute guesses concerning reverberation and interference(Encarta). Reverberation and interference are two of the more important aspects of acoustical architecture. Both deal with the sound waves music or instruments make. By understanding reverberation, which is the echoing of sound waves, early architects could better construct buildings and auditoriums that would produce better acoustics. An architect has two types of material he can use to modify a building to deal with reverberation and the quality of sound. In many buildings such as meeting halls and auditoriums where echoes are not wanted, absorption materials such as cork and felt are used to absorb reverberations. On the other hand, in buildings such as concert halls and opera houses where reverberation is important reflecting material is used. Materials such as metal and most stones can Nelson 3 be use to reflect sound waves to the audience. With these materials an architect can modify the way sound travels in his building. Another aspect of acoustics that architects and conductors most take into consideration are the number of people seated in the audience. The number of people in an auditorium or hall will greatly effect the reverberation of sound. Empty seats reflect sound waves back to the performers; however, when the seats are full of people, the people absorb the sound. Architects must also give attention to interference. Interference arises from the difference in the distances traversed by the direct and reflected sound and produces so-called dead spots, in which certain ranges of frequencies are canceled out(Encarta). These dead spots can be caused by the difference in the densities of building materials. Dead spots can dramatically effect the total quality of sound if they are large in number. There are many aspects of acoustics that architects must address to create a satisfactory environment for listening to music or a spoken message. Nelson 4 Given the effects that acoustics have on the music we hear and the way we judge the musicians, it is easy to see why architects pay close attention to acoustics. An architect designing a building where the quality of sound is important must take into consideration all the things I have mentioned. If one aspect of acoustics is left out, the end result could be a bad sounding hall, auditorium, opera house or theater. Bad acoustics could bring about a negative opinion of the performers, even if their actual performance was flawless. In order to produce the highest quality sound, a building has to be acoustically sound. So the next time you attend a concert or any type of indoor-musical performance, consider the acoustics of the building before making a negative judgement of the performers. In a sense the architectural design of a building could be considered an instrument and the architect a performer, quite possibly the most important combination of all. Music

Homework Alcoholic Beverage and Non

Homework Alcoholic Beverage and Non Homework: Alcoholic Beverage and Non-alcohol Drinkers Essay Jasmine Torres 2-1-12 p. 4 Alcohol Drinkers Versus Non-Alcohol Drinkers I remember the summer i first got drunk. It was a terrible experience and mistake. I was trying to drown myself in the pool, hit people and so many crazy things. Do you want to be in that situation? Non-drinkers live more of a safe life than people who drink because of health, money, and behavior. To begin with, alcohol has many negative affects on your health. For example if you drink to much you could possibly become an alcohol addict, in contrary if you don't drink you could live a happier and safe life. Alcoholism for instance is a serious disease that research from the National Council of Alcohol Addiction proves tat over 18 million people misuse alcohol. Another example is it slows down your central nervous system. Its can also lead to alcohol poisoning which has some very scary symptoms like vomiting, seizures, hard breathing, etc. On the other hand, alcohol also takes a lot of money out of your pocket. People waste so much money on it that research shows $48 million dollars is spent on beer, liquor, and wine a year. If your drunk and driving you can get a ticket which means more money out of your pocket. Each year approximately 16,000 people get in a car accident caused by drunk driving, which in result of that means you have to pay for car repairing. Also if you were hurt and go to the hospital, you have to pay for that. Finally, alcohol changes ones behavior so you look dumb. An example

Case study one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study one - Essay Example Yes. As a police officer the deputy should be aware of the new policies. He should have been aware of the margins on which can be considered as a "situation" for pursuit. In addition, the deputy also carries with him his personal firearm and a canine, which should not be allowed while on - duty or on patrol. No. There are still some specific parts that should be improved. This should include the refinement of the requisites for the rules of firing warning shots and high speed pursuits. This would greatly reduce overkill, as well as criticisms. This is not a magic potion for the financial and demographic dilemma of the community but this is a very productive step towards the success of having a very efficient police department in the community. This would basically increase amity among the people of the community. Yes, there are possible problems that may arise from both parties. Thus, in order to come to a practicable solution both should be aware of the problem and that both benefits and disadvantages should be presented. In order to achieve a more harmonious relationship between labor and management, a clear and effective line of communication should always be available. Both parties should be able to come up with feasible solutions that are acceptable to both. Yes, there is a need for the community to be involved in the design and implementation of the community policing.

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment Research Paper

Negotiations and Conflict Resolution in Sports and Entertainment - Research Paper Example There have been times when proper rights do not get provided which results in an outcry among the employees of the industry. The history of formation contracts can be dated back from 1960s and early 1970s when Major League Baseball Player Association (MLBPA) entered into the scenario. Introduction of players association also enabled sports agent to enter into the games and then with the passage of time, in late 1990s the trend of sports agencies or more renowned as sports agency firms started and afterwards many players joined several sports agencies and today all big names in sports have some kind of affiliation or connection with sports agencies. Players like Roger Federer, Tiger Woods, Maria Sharapova have affiliation with Octagon. NFL, NBA, NHL, MLB have affiliations with IMG. there are many other stars having their own agents who negotiate with different organizations and producers on different issues (Ferrand, Torrigiani, & Povill, 2007). Having a contract is one of the legal way to form an agreement or relationship between the organization and the person. Therefore celebrities as well as players need to have form agreements with the organization. Contact is important because it defines the rights and obligation of both the parties involved. And in this way one can avoid different conflicts and negotiate with each other in more effective and efficient manner. With the introduction of third parties like agents and sport agency firms along with the popularity of different sports and celebrities because of extensive coverage of media, at the same time more investors and organizations are ready to make investment in sports and media, the bargaining power of players, athletes and celebrities have increased a lot against organizations and sponsors. Therefore now players, celebrities and athletes demand a lot more than before. Previously associations used to pay after making the players and celebrities

Explains the political changes the United States underwent in the Essay

Explains the political changes the United States underwent in the 2008-2011 period in regards to political philosophy - Essay Example This revealed that racism did not guide the elections, as people wanted change in governance. Citizens of the United States expressed dissatisfaction with the republican governance, following George W. Bush’s two terms in office. There have also been changes in the voting structure, with many young people and minority groups participating in the polls. As a result, the political philosophy in the United States from 2008 seems more different than any other period in the history of the United States. Preference for young contestants increased; as such older candidates faced enormous challenges and opposition from younger ones. John McCain could not have defeated the democrat candidate because most Americans did not prefer people of his age (Lasser, 2011). In addition, dissatisfaction with the administration of George Bush made the electorate opt for a difference. An increased number of casualties in Afghanistan and Iraq war changed the mood of American electorate, following deaths of many American soldiers while fighting terrorists. During the Bush administration, economy of the United States had started to experience reduced growth. The banking industry and the stock market performed poorly in the start of 2008. Therefore, the political preference shifted to a Democratic candidate rather than a Republican (Katzman, 2011). During his presidential term, Barrack Obama has publicly declared his stand on various issues regarding American politics. Several legislative measures have been undertaken between 2008 and 2011. Politics have mainly been centered on revival of the United States economy; and provision of heath care that all Americans can access and manage to pay for. Obama administration has also strengthened social security and system of education in America. Political ideals have also been centered on withdrawing American troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as stopping

Defining Reflective Practice And Identifying Advantages And Implications Nursing Essay

Defining Reflective Practice And Identifying Advantages And Implications Nursing Essay The ability to become reflective in practice has become a necessary skill for health professionals. The implementation of reflective practice is now found in many of the other allied health care disciplines including the Radiography profession. UK health practitioners are expected to meet a continuing professional development standard (CPD), and reflection is a strategy that facilitates meeting this standard for registration (Driscoll and Teh, 2001). This is to ensure that health professionals are continuing with their daily learning and improving their practice. Reflective practice plays a big part in healthcare today and is becoming increasingly noticed. This assignment aims to address the definition of reflective practice, advantages and disadvantages associated, implications of reflective practice and how to improve reflection within healthcare. What is reflective practice? Reflective practice is advocated in healthcare as a learning process that encourages self evaluation with subsequent professional development planning (Zuzelo, 2009). Reflective practice has been identified as one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. Reflective practice can mean taking our experiences as an initial point for our learning and developing practice (Jasper, 2003). Jasper (2003) summarises reflective practice as having the following three components: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Things (experiences) that happened to the person. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The reflective processes that enable to person to learn to learn from those experiences. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The actions that result from the new perspectives that are taken. Reflection is part of reflective practice and is a skill that is developed. It can be seen as a way of adjusting to life as a qualified healthcare professional and enhancing the development of a professional identity (Atwal Jones, 2009). Reflection re-examines the individual experiences or feelings, and the outcome of this is allowing the practitioner to develop a new perception and an appreciation of how the experiences encountered in practice can add to professional knowledge (Boud et al, 1985). Reflective practice permits the review of everyday practice to develop the additional knowledge, skills and competencies required to enhance care delivery. Reflection can be described as a process of reasoned thinking. It helps the practitioner to critically assess self, and their approach to practice (Fleming, 2006). There are different interpretations of reflection and reflective practice documented. However, there are two well known basic forms of reflection. Schà ¶n (1987) identifies two types of reflection that can be applied in healthcare, Reflection-in-action and Reflection-on-action. Reflection-in-action means examining your own behaviour and that of others while in a situation (Schon, 1995; Schon, 1987).   It can be termed as coming across situations and problems which may require thought and problem solving in the midst of practice. It can also be described as thinking whilst doing (Millinkovic and Field, 2005). Reflection-on-action is possibly the most common form of reflection. It involves revisiting experiences and critically analysing them to help improve skills and to improve future practice. The aim of reflection is to value strengths and to develop diverse, more effective ways of acting in the future (Somerville and Keeling, 2004). Reflective practice is seen as more than just a thoughtful process. It has the potential to be turned into a learning situation where future practices can be changed as a result of the process (Jarvis, 1992). Advantages of reflection Reflective practice is an essential component of continuing professional development (CPD) and is required by all regulatory bodies of healthcare professionals in order to maintain registration (Atwal Jones, 2009). However, Driscoll (2006) notes that reflective practice is regularly represented as a choice for health professionals, whether to be reflective or not to be reflective, about their clinical practice. Driscoll (2006) also notes that if there is such a commitment to reflection, it can help improve practice and transform healthcare. It has been argued that reflection on clinical work may be essential to the development of our clinical knowledge (Benner, 2001). Atwal and Jones (2009) suggest reflective practice can build up better levels of self-awareness about themselves as practitioners and as individuals, leading to opportunities for professional and personal development. There are benefits and barriers of incorporating reflection into the NHS and imaging professional prac tice. The benefits of reflective practice are: Reflection enables health professionals to share knowledge with others, to help practice and assists practitioners in making sense of challenging and complex situations (Chapman et al, 2008). This helps to optimise work practice and improve interprofessional relationships. Reflection allows an objective to look at our practice in order to improve the quality of our performance at work. It also allows practice to be critiqued, enabling enhancement in the development of areas needed to be improved, identifying learning needs (Stewart et al, 2000) and taking responsibility for continuing professional development (Griffin 2003). Reflection helps practitioners develop a questioning attitude and the skills needed to constantly update knowledge and skills (Westberg and Hilliard, 2001). Reflective practice helps recognise the strengths and weaknesses, enhancing development and helps apply the skill of reflection to CPD cycle. Reflection can assist the practitioner to observe the aspects of their practice, encourage professional development, personal growth and evaluation of skills ( Chapman et al,2008) Reflection helps practitioners make sense of challenging and complicated practice, and acts as a reminder that there is no end to learning (Zuzelo, 2009) Disadvantages of reflection There are known barriers which prevent practitioners being able to reflect effectively. Smythe (2004) questions whether there is any time to think and be reflective because of the busy work environment that practitioners are involved in. Barriers to reflection are: Lack of motivation to partake in reflection or reflective practices from staff or fellow colleagues. The culture of organisation. Some organisations may not promote reflective practice because it may not highly be favoured in the department, or there may not be any interest in reflection (Workforce Support, 2010). Some staff may not know how to undertake reflective practice because they may have not been taught how to undertake it and how to reflect in such a manner, and may be apprehensive about documenting experiences and emotions (Workforce Support, 2010). Some practitioners are rooted in the preconception that reflection is too difficult and that reflection is a taught skill (White, 2003). There is lack of time to undertake reflective practice as imaging departments today have an increase in workload and if the department is relatively busy, there is a lack of time to undertake reflection, as reflection does require some quality time (Johns and Freshwater, 2005). Radiography is largely scientific and technical therefore reflection does not need to play a role in the profession (Hall and Davis, 1999). However Radiography has evolved through the years and the work is becoming increasingly more patient centered. Reflection may be seen as something often used in response to a negative outcome (White, 2003). Implication of reflective practice in regards to service delivery and management. Service delivery is a vital component on improvement of health services. The World Health Organisation (2010) summarises that effective service delivery depends on key resources such as motivated staff, information and equipment, and these have to be well managed. Imaging departments need to make sure that these key components are in place, in order to deliver the best possible care, and making sure they exceed the requirements of the patient. It can be suggested that reflective practice is identified as an important strategy for enhanced care delivery and continuing professional development.The Health Professions Council standards of proficiency for Radiographers (HPC 2007/09) state that CPD contributes to the quality of practice and service delivery and stresses the value of reflection on practice and the need to record the outcome of such reflection. It is suggested that by supporting reflective practice in healthcare departments, issues of the quality of own service delivery can be raised. Reflection will also help develop service delivery and provide a service in the best possible way, and will allow the department to think about actions that are being undertaken that should not be, and actions that are not being taken that should be (E-training resources, 2010). Reflective practice may become an opportunity for innovation and change within the department. If reflective practice is to be supported in departments, the department would need to make sure that all staff are participating in reflective practice and making sure that staff are benefiting from this, and learning from their practice. Some staff members may find it difficult to engage in reflective practices, therefore it is essential that the department help assist with the reflective processes to make sure all staff are actively participating (Workforce Support, 2010).The service head would have to make sure that the staff in the department are undertaking some form of reflection and can build way s to help implement some reflective practice activities within the department for all staff to engage in. Implementing these practices will help shape the management of the department. Examples of reflection documented Many journals have been written that propose the use of reflective assignments and journaling as tools to improve reflection and thinking skills in healthcare (Chapman et al, 2008). Forms of reflection can be very useful in understanding how practitioners can improve both their professional practice and the organisation in which they work in (Workforce Support, 2010). Reflective practice can be made formal through such processes and underpins the process of continuing professional development (CPD) (White, 2003). Pee et al (2003) states that journal writing is a technique for individuals to express their experiences and to use the reflective and analytical, or critical thinking process for learning. Reflective journals are an ideal way to be actively involved in learning (Millinkovic Field, 2005) and can be implemented to allow practitioners to write down events in practice and their thoughts and actions on daily situations, and how this may impinge on their future practice (William s Wessel, 2004). Reflective clinical journals also present a method in which health care professionals may write about clinical learning experiences and reflect on them (Millinkovic and Field, 2005). Practitioners can progress their skills in reflective thinking and writing, which will allow the practitioners to become self- directed in their learning (Chapman et al, 2008). This is also in agreement with Kennison and Misselwitz (2002) as they state that reflective journals can be considered a helpful tool of reflection, as it can help develop the health care professionals writing skills, reflect on their practice, discover reactions and bring new meanings to past experiences. Reflective workplace diaries can also be used to promote reflective practice. Workplace diaries can be used to note down events that occurred within a clinical setting for example a critical incident or a patient interaction (Chapman et al, 2008). It is a daily record of day by day personal experiences and obs ervations and from these thoughts, ideas and feelings can be expressed. From this, questions such as what happened and why? How do I feel about it? What can I learn from it? Can be asked, and this will allow the practitioner to reflect on their topic in a deeper more thought processed structure. Chapman et al (2008) stresses that it is also important that when using the reflective diary, the health practitioner has to be able to reflect, are willing to reflect and to make changes from this reflection. A review of the diary will help practitioners progression of reflective writing, and more levels of critical reflection can be undertaken. Ways to improve reflection Reflection can be improved in a number of ways to help benefit the practitioner. Appraisals can be implemented within the department, for all health practitioners to take part in. The appraisals will encompass the practitioner to talk about their practice and how they are using their skills, and to reflect on the work that they are undertaking, taking note of any improvements that can be made to better the practice. An increase in knowledge can be demonstrated through reflective practice with the focus of reflective reports including involvement in audits and research (Snaith and Hardy, 2007). Snaith and Hardy (2007) also write that reviewing local practice initiatives among many other possible activities may help improve reflection. Continuing professional Development (CPD) essential to the enhancement of clinical skills (Chapman et al, 2008) and is mandatory to the HPC in order to retain registration. Imaging departments can implement ways for practitioners to engage in CPD activit ies that are accessible to all practitioners. CPD will help keep professionals up to date and will also help practitioners engage in ways in which they can reflect in the activity undertaken, which will enhance their reflective and thinking skills. This will benefit to lifelong learning (Chapman et al, 2008). Reflection can be incorporated into a CPD as a means to enhance and maintain reflective practice in a clinical setting. The Society and College of Radiographers CPD tool offers some direction to practitioners that want to present reflective evidence of their increasing knowledge base and a framework of how it may be planned (Kelly, 2005). Tutorials can be implemented in the department for practitioners that want to become involved in reflective practice, the different ways to reflect, and some frame works that are used for reflecting. Not many practitioners are aware of how to reflect on practice (Workforce Support, 2010). There are different ways of reflecting and by making th ese ways become known to practitioners, it can help decide which framework is best suited for their learning, and can undertake better reflection on their work. Conclusion Although experience is at the centre of learning in imaging departments, reflection is fundamental to deeper learning from experience. Reflective practice is becoming an essential skill that is incorporated into clinical practice and continuing professional development (CPD) and it is therefore important that the imaging department understand the role and the potential of reflection. The adoption of a reflective approach to clinical work is important since it is an effective means of highlighting best practice, whilst furthering professional development. Different ways to reflect in practice can be approached and adopted that will benefit future practice of the professional and how it implements their daily work lives; however, there are evident barriers to reflection within an imaging department. This includes time because of the busy environment a hospital encompasses and lack of motivation if the vast majority of health care practitioners are not undertaking it. Imaging department s have to implement ways in which the practitioners can reflect in their practice to enhance patient care and promote effective service delivery. Reflection can be a powerful mover in the process of learning, which can lead to change and the development on a professional and personal level and various measures have to be taken into account to achieve this.

The Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonneguts Slaughterhouse-Five or The Chil

The Life of Billy Pilgrim in Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marked by two world wars and the anxiety that accompanies humanity's knowledge of the ability to destroy itself, the Twentieth Century has produced literature that attempts to depict the plight of the modern man living in a modern waste land. If this sounds dismal and bleak, it is. And that is precisely why the dark humor of Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. shines through our post-modern age. The devastating bombing of Dresden, Germany at the close of World War II is the subject of Vonnegut's most highly acclaimed work, Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A Duty Dance with Death. Vonnegut's experience as an American POW in Dresden fuels the narrative that unconventionally defines his generation through the life and death of Billy Pilgrim. The survival of Billy Pilgrim at Dresden and his re-entry to the shell-shocked world reveal a modern day journey of the anti-hero. Vonnegut's unusual style and black satire provide a refreshing backdrop for a vehement anti-war theme and enhance his adept ability to depict the face of humanity complete with all of its beauty and blemishes. Likewise, Vonnegut adds his own philosophy concerning time, our place in it, and connection (or disconnection) to it and one other. Perhaps the most crucial step in understanding this intriguing work is to start with its title, which holds the key to Vonnegut's most prevailing theme.    Vonnegut addresses the writing of his work about the bombing of Dresden in the first chapter, detailing the stress he felt when faced with such a laborious task. The carnage of Dresden does not haunt those who were not there. The combined efforts of the A... ...dons the glimmer of hope that accompanies the fact that life has its moments of grandeur. He encourages the modern reader to escape the question "why me" and urges us to embrace a philosophy that consistently reminds us that even in the midst of the most cruel (and the most celebrated) events, humanity retains all of its virtue and vice. So it goes. Vonnegut allows us to laugh out loud, despite the tragedies of war and the anxiety of the post-modern world. His picture of the modern man is simultaneously dismal and hopeful. His unique style, satiric overview and astute ability to capture the multiple faces of mankind, properly place him in the realm of the most accomplished authors of the Twentieth Century.    Works Cited Vonnegut, Kurt Jr. Slaughterhouse-Five or The Children's Crusade: A duty Dance with Death. New York; Random House, 1969.   

Humanistic Theory and Trait Theory Essay

Humanistic Theory and Trait Theory My research was comparing the Humanistic Theory and Trait Theory. Humanistic Theory is based on the ability for individuals to be able to uniquely diverse with our own prospective on life. It evaluates how an individual’s choice can affect their decision making and how the decisions can take a positive or negative effect to the conclusion of that choice. It also focuses on how we allow others to manipulate us into believing what our self worth is, if we are capable of achieving what we set out to become. Trait theory is based on an individual’s observation, and elements of their personality traits such as openness to new experiences, skill development, agreeableness, etc. and how that affects their choices. According to Tom Ato, psychologists believe that this trait stems from one basic group of characteristics which are biological in nature. Studies have concluded that is it not based on individualism but account for consistent behavior which are familiar in diverse situations. Both theories have a few similarities; however research revealed several differences between them. Their approach to personality traits differ because they go in different directions. Trait theory shows aspects of human personality can be stable and consistent in several cultures; it is not shaped by outside influences, where as Humanistic traits are. Trait theory is correct in its approach for many reasons; the success of the five-factor personality models, observers’ evaluations, the models withstood challenges that affects all cultures, the link between psychological disorders and personality traits, and the potential to predict what the individuals’ future may bring. The Humanistic trait has been criticized for being too subjective in its approach. Because it focuses on each individual’s potential and gives the fundamental belief that all individuals are good, makes it harder to explain why people commit crimes. We can not objectively tell is self actualized, we can only rely on the individual own assessment of their experiences. Both theories have valid merit on the personality traits, but they have different approaches on how to establish their findings. Both Humanistic and Trait Theories are in disagreement on what way is most effective however both view the individual’s personality as a whole.

French Expressions Using Bout

French Expressions Using Bout The French word un bout literally means the end of something or a bit of something. But bout has other meanings as well and is also used in dozens of idiomatic expressions, noun clauses, and prepositional phrases. Learn how to say at arms length, on its last legs, the middle of nowhere, and more with this list of expressions with bout. Possible Meanings of un bout bitendlength (of rope)patch (of sky, land)piecescraptip Expressions with bout le bout de lanmemorial serviceun bout du doigtfingertipun bout dessaiscreen test, test filmun bout filtrefilter tip (cigarette)un bout du mondethe middle of nowhere; the ends of the earthun bout de rà ´lebit part, walk-on partun bout du seinnippleun bout de terraina patch/plot of landun bon bout de cheminquite a ways, a fair distanceun bon bout de tempsa good while, quite some timeun (petit) bout de chou/zan (informal)a little kidun petit bout de femme (informal)a mere slip of a womanun petit bout dhomme (informal)a mere scrap of a man bout de brasat arms length bout carrà ©square-tipped bout de courseon its/ones last legs(tech) at full-stroke bout de forcesexhausted, worn out bout de lià ¨gecork-tipped bout de soufflebreathless, out of breath bout rondround-tipped bout portantpoint-blank bout de soufflebreathless, out of breath; on its last legs tout bout de champall the time, at every opportunityau bout deat the end/bottom of; afterau bout du compteall things consideredau bout d u filon the other end of the telephoneau bout dun momentafter a whilebout boutend to endde bout en boutfrom one end to the otherdu bout dewith the ends ofdu bout des doigtswith ones fingertipsdu bout des là ¨vresreluctantly, half-heartedlydun bout lautrefrom one end to the other, from start to finishdun bout lautre de lannà ©eall year longen bout deat the end/bottom ofen bout de courseon its/ones last legs; ultimatelyjusquau bout(right) to the endjusquau bout des onglesthrough and through, right to ones fingertipssur le bout deon the tip ofsen aller par tous les bouts (informal)to be falling apartapplaudir du bout des doigtsto clap half-heartedlyconnaà ®tre un bout de (informal)to know a thing or two aboutà ªtre boutto be exhausted; to be angry, out of patienceà ªtre bout deto be out ofà ªtre au bout de ses peinesto be out of the woods; to have no more troublesà ªtre au bout du rouleau (informal)to be exhausted; to be running out of money; to be near deathfaire un bout d e chemin ensembleto be together for a while (as a couple)joindre les deux boutsto make ends meetlire un livre de bout en boutto read a book cover to covermanger du bout des dentsto nibblemettre les bouts(fam) to skedaddle, scarpermontrer le bout de son nezto show ones face, peep around (the corner, door)parcourir une rue de bout en boutto go from one end of a street to the otherpointer le bout de son nezto show ones face, peep around (the corner, door)porter quelque chose bout de brasto struggle to keep something goingpousser quelquun boutto push someone to the limit / too farprendre quelque chose par le bon boutto handle/approach something the right waysavoir quelque chose sur le bout du doigt / des doigtsto know something inside and outtenir le bon bout (informal)to be on the right track; to be past the worst of somethingvenir bout de nounto get through, succeed, overcome somethingvoir le bout du tunnelto see the light at the end of the tunnelÇa fait un (bon) bout (de chem in). (informal)Thats a long way.Ce nest pas le bout du monde  !It wont kill you! Its not the end of the world!Commenà §ons par un bout.Lets get started / make a start.Le soleil montre le bout de son nez.The sun is (barely) out.On ne sait pas par quel bout le prendre.You just dont know how to handle/approach it.​ On nen voit pas le bout.There doesnt seem to be any end to it.

Comparing Childrens Books

Comparing Childrens Books The introduction The fundamentals of the books While comparing children’s books, I would like you to become familiar with the history of their appearance. Thus, the first book I want to discuss is The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe written by famous novelist C.  S. Lewis. It should be pointed out that a fantasy novel was written in the early fifties. Generally, I would like to state that the plot of the novel is to be considered in relation to socialization issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Childrens Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second book I want to analyze is Harry Potter. This book is of the same genre as the previous one. It is a fantasy novel written by J. K. Rowling. Generally, there are seven books written about the adventures of a wizard – Harry Potter. In my opinion, the key themes of the novel seem to be culture, identity and power. The body The Lion, the Witc h and the Wardrobe There is a need to consider the importance of each book in detail. Let’s start from the novel written in 1950. I would like to draw the readers’ attention to the fact that Lewis’s book can be analyzed from different perspectives. For instance, the list of the characters the author provides us with, gives us an opportunity to suppose that there are the gender roles the novelist created, which form the children’s views in relation to the basic characteristics both sexes should possess. In other words, one can make a conclusion that sex differences in the novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe seem to be one of the most important themes, which should be analyzed. So, the main characters the author describes in his book are Lucy Pevensie, Edmund Pevensie, Susan Pevensie, Peter Pevensie, The White Witch, Tumnus, The Professor, Mr. and Mrs. Beaver, Maugrim, Father Christmas, Mrs. Macready, and Giant Rumblebuffin. Generally, Lewis said tha t the main character of his story was Peter Pevensie. In my opinion, this character seems to be special, as his intentions to protect his siblings play a significant role in children’s comprehension what a real man should be.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, it is obvious that the author relies on a special psychological approach, which forms and determines the children’s attitudes in relation to the intrinsic characteristics of males. The fact that the events described in the book took place during the World War II allows us to suppose that the author wanted children also to become familiar with the realities of life. Thus, it seems that, on the one hand, the novel is fantastic, it is written for children to entertain them; on the other hand, a fantasy novel is a serious book, as it forms the world view of children. Anderson is of the opinion that â€Å"books open up new worlds to children. Books expose children to a variety of experiences they might not otherwise have been subjected to in their own lives† (2). Taking into account this statement, one can suppose that the novelist’s fantasy is an effective way to familiarize children not only with their own culture, but also with another one. To my mind, there are magic depictions, which are mostly associated with various cultural issues. Of course, it is also necessary to state that the reflection of the relations between the main characters is extremely important, as such method has a social power. Another important point I would like to highlight is the so-called society function the author popularizes in his novel. First of all, it should be pointed out that most of children’s books are written to help children accept society functions they are to perform. Thus, Lewis’s novel is not an exception. It helps identify emotions and s hows the ways other people are to be treated. Harry Potter When speaking about another book – Harry Potter, I would like to add that J. K. Rowling’s depictions seem to be more real. Moreover, the novel about a wizard is recognized to be an important socializing tool. While The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe is based on the basic societal functions the author wants his little readers to become familiar with, Rowling’s novel represents new societal changes. This fact cannot be regarded as unusual one, as numerous things do not remain constant over time. For this reason, it is necessary to state that the key ideas of the books of the same genre are different, as the process of constant development cannot be neglected or avoided. Both books are considered to be extremely popular. Thus, according to an American weekly magazine Times, the novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was included into the category TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Childrens Books specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When speaking about Harry Potter, there is a need to point out that more than 375 million copies of the novel â€Å"have been sold worldwide. This overwhelming success demonstrates that people all over the world feel entertained by the series and indicates strong positive parasocial relationships with the protagonist in readers from very different (cultural) backgrounds† (Schmid Klimmt 253). Of course, I cannot say that there are no similar features in the novels. For instance, I would like to draw the readers’ attention to the fact that socially constructed gender distinctions are present in both books. One more important aspect I would like to highlight is the plot of both novels, which influences children’s perception. Thus, one is to keep in mind that the events, which are described in both books im pact on the way children see images of themselves. Moreover, it is also obvious that the illustrations the authors provide their little readers with influence the way children comprehend stereotypical roles of the main characters. In other words, the book written in the early fifties and one written within the past 10 year show good traits of character a person is to possess. Thus, the main characters both authors describe are considered to be kind, brave, honest, responsible, etc.; while negative characters are recognized to be totally different. They are greedy, dishonest, irresponsible, etc. The importance of social class, which both authors touch on in their novels, cannot be omitted too. For this reason, when analyzing the plot of the novels, I have understood that children took into account the so-called individual responsibilities of the main characters, but not their social status. Generally, children are mostly interested in the actions the main characters are to follow to achieve their aims. Liberal feminist theory seems to be another important aspect, which is to be highlighted. Thus, I have to state that gender stereotypes influence children’s comprehension of gender roles. In this case, one can speak about the so-called child stratification. The conclusion So, in my opinion, the objectives both authors wanted to achieve were successfully completed. The main difference between the two novels of the same genre is the so-called time period the books are written within.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moral and ethical principles seem to be the key aspects Lewis and Rowling wanted to highlight. Generally, it is an old truth that good wins evil in all the times. Moreover, children should also understand that it is not so easy to overcome the difficulties; however, if the characters show patience, they will always succeed. For instance, Allyson Foreman says that a wizard Harry Potter is considered to be the so-called role model; and â€Å"in fact, serves as an excellent model for leadership. Further, Harry’s actions convey a deeper meaning about the importance of moral and ethical development through a comparison of stages in the young character’s life† (22). The same can be said about the main characters of the novel The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. When comparing the novels, it becomes obvious that both authors depicted the issues, which were interesting and important within certain time period. In spite of the fact, however, one is to keep in mind that new changes will always occur, and thus, new realities will be described and analyzed. The only thing, which can be probably constant, seems to be the principal goal of the main characters. The struggle of opposites will always exist, as without evil there will be no evolution. For this reason, all the events, which the authors describe in their novels, are extremely important to understand that the reality can be changed. Anderson, Angela. Power Disparities and the Structure of Childrearing: A Content  Analysis of Bestselling Children’s Books, 2011. Web. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/. Foreman, Allyson. The Boy Who Lived To Lead: An Analysis of Harry Potter’s Moral  and Ethical Leadership Development, n.d. Web. Schmid, Hannah, and Christoph, Klimmt. A Magically Nice Guy: Parasocial  Relationships with Harry Potter Across Different Cultures, 2011. Web.

Discussing a New Coffee Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussing a New Coffee Branding - Essay Example The activity is sure to attract consumers, as it provides on-the-spot testing of taste and quality of the product. The consumers will be invited to have mugs of fresh coffee made with that brand, and then, their remarks will be taken by asking them to note down their comments on a special notebook. The team leader will continuously be introducing the new brand to people through a microphone. I would also recommend creating suspense starting some days before the launch of the product. I suggest placing banners and some guessing game ideas written on billboards right at the spot where the product is to be launched. This way, the consumers will remain curious about what is going to happen or what is going to come into the market and into their hands. This will create such a buzz that nobody will want to miss the product and the event in which the product is to be launched. I suggest releasing bits and pieces of details every day to give the boost to the suspense. This will surely drive people crazy about the product and the launch event. I suggest giving people free access to some of the features of the new brand. I recommend that sachets must be prepared for the new brand of coffee, with eye-catching wrappers, and they must be distributed in the launch event. Nothing amuses and attracts consumers more than something being given free about the new product. Those who will not taste the coffee on-spot will take sachets and try them at their homes. This will be very interesting for them and will assure them that there is something good for the product that the company is giving the people a free chance to try it.

If the goverment takes away gun use right will murders decrease Research Paper

If the goverment takes away gun use right will murders decrease - Research Paper Example About 100 million of them are handguns. Based on survey information from the U.S. justice Department in 2008, about 436,000 violent crimes were performed by offenders visibly armed with guns. Murder is defined as the unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another. Gun right is provided in the Bill of Rights. The Second of the Amendments to the Constitution read â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, peoples right to keep and own guns shall not be infringed†. The gun use rights are provided by law makers. The use rights are for example, Right-to-carry laws that allows individual people who attain certain "minimally restrictive" criteria (e.g. as the finishing of a background check and also the gun safety course) to carry with them concealed guns in most public places. This focuses on how the gun is used or handled. Today, there are above 20,000 gun-control laws in the federal, state, and governments local levels. There is no question that guns account for countless murders whether unintentional or intentional. There are allot of people who believe that there is the existence of some causal relationship amongst these phenomena; named that crime decreases because of more strict gun-controlling legislation. As the laws that regulate and limit access to guns may have the effects of decreasing the rate of murder with guns, the variance of murder rates could be attributable to other factors. Kellermann (1993) maintains that the people who become firearms fatalities also had experienced domestic violence, drug abuse and alcohol, at greater rates than the nationals average. Kleck and McElrath, reported that when guns are present (they) "tend to inhibit attacks and, in the case of these attacks, to decrease the probability of injuries (to victims), whereas, once injuries occur, they tend to increase the probability of death."

Compare between the new and the old enforcement arbitration law of Research Paper

Compare between the new and the old enforcement arbitration law of Saudi Arabia and the legal effects on the international agree - Research Paper Example 15). After this law, the previous law was referred to as the old law, which pledged to modernize the nation’s arbitration regime in a number of ways. Most significantly, this new law restrains the nation’s court intervening power with regards to arbitration through acknowledging the parties’ autonomy to deal with the arbitration process (Rawlings et al. 16). The new Saudi Arabian law addresses a vital concern under the old law, which is the power to the nation’s courts to reopen, as well as effectively re-litigate awards on their principles (Jones Day 1). Even though, the new law is an acknowledged enhancement, which promises considerable changes in Saudi Arabia, the event of change in practice remains unclear to date. Much will rely on the text of the executing principles and where the country’s courts stand with regards to the new law (Rawlings et al. 16). Many critics consider that this law slightly killed the independence of the Saudi Arabian co urt system while others argue that the law works to develop the nation, unlike the old law. This paper will take into consideration these arguments and bring out which law is better. It will also discuss the international effects of the legislation of either of the laws in order to note the significance of each. Provision of the Two Laws The New Law Encouraged by the UN Commission of International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Model Law on International/Foreign Commercial Arbitration, which has been endorsed by a number of regimes, Saudi Arabia’s new law acknowledges parties’ independence to concur on significant aspects of their arbitration process (Rawlings et al. 44). Most importantly, the law respects the right of groups to arbitrate under a governed set of arbitration principles. This is a significant development, which tackles a region of uncertainty, which was present during the old law days. This new law acknowledges parties’ option of governing language, law and arbitrators provided that the sole arbitrator is a qualified lawyer (Rawlings et al. 44). This law also bestows with the entry under the old law for groups to file their agreements with courts for validation prior to commencing arbitration (Jones Day 1). The new law further respects that an agreement between parties can be published in a correspondence among them. The law dictates that arbitrators should have an encouraging obligation to keep groups updated with circumstances, which might lead to a conflict of interest (Rawlings et al. 45). This new law dictates straight procedure for resolving disputes by the arbitral tribunal, such as time restrictions for complaining groups to lodge doubts in the applicable court (Jones Day 1). This eliminates the capacity of groups to oppose to the execution of arbitral awards on such grounds when they did not raise it earlier within the time limit (Rawlings et al. 45). When the groups have not concurred on specific arbitration regulations such as the ICC, the law dictates a detailed arbitration course, which applies by default to all (Jones Day 1). The arbitral award should be granted within a year from the date, which arbitration started depending on the arbitral tribunal's authority to prolong this by an extra 6 months and the groups’ ability to concur with longer extensions. This grants the arbitral board a much more practical timeframe to resolve key commercial disputes, which

Abc-Clio - Continental System Essay Example for Free

Abc-Clio Continental System Essay Continental System One of Europes most storied leaders, Napoleon I is remembered for his dramatic victories as the leader of France, conquering large swathes of Europe until his ultimate downfall following the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Despite his military prowess, Napoleon was never able to conquer the United Kingdom, his archrival to the north. As Europes most successful economic power and the nation with the most powerful navy in the world, Britain relied on its trade with foreign nations to fuel its own economy. In an effort to undermine his rival, Napoleon initiated the Continental System, a wide-ranging system of tariffs and embargoes against Britain. The Continental System ultimately had a far more negative impact on France, however, much to the chagrin of its illustrious emperor. Origins of the Continental System Hostilities between France and Britain had boiled for many centuries, but the French Revolution, with its antimonarchical republican values and extreme violence, initiated a new low in relations between those two nations. Fearful of republican ideology spreading to its shores, Britain was staunchly opposed to the French Revolution from its inception, and as the French Army began its conquest of Europe, the island nation sought allies in its struggle against France. By 1799, Napoleon had used the support of the military to overthrow the French Directory and effectively take full control of the nation; the French coup dà ©tat of 1799 established the French Consulate as the new government of France, with Napoleon assuming the ultimate executive position of first consul. Meanwhile, French armies successfully conquered the Papal States, Sardinia-Piedmont, and Switzerland, and even occupied Ottoman Egypt for three years. Such conservative forces on the European continent as Austria and Russia shared Britains fears and quaked at the thought of French invasion. They knew that the French would not only bring occupying armies to their lands, but also displace their monarchies and establish republics, and that was something the ruling elite could not accept. With a successful general like Napoleon now at the helm of the government, the issue appeared more urgent than ever before. To counteract the threat of French invasion, monarchies across Europe banded together in a series of coalitions. In 1798, Austria, Britain, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, and Russia formed the Second Coalition, but their infighting prevented any effective concerted movement to stop the French war machine. By 1805, France had firmly established itself as an imperial power, having gained control over large portions of the Continent. In response, Britain and Russia, later joined by Austria and Sweden, formed the Third Coalition. This was a crucial move for the British; Napoleon had begun to amass troops in Boulogne—on the northern coast of France—in 1803 in preparation for invading Britain. The powerful British Royal Navy was able to prevent French invasion through a blockade, however, and with the decisive British naval victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in October 1805, Napoleon realized he would not be able to launch a successful land inv asion of Britain. A New Strategy Defeated, but not demoralized, Napoleon plotted a new way to attack the British. If he could not take them on militarily, the French emperor (Napoleon had proclaimed himself emperor of the First French Empire in May 1804) determined to attack their economy. Calling the British a nation of shopkeepers in a derogatory tone, Napoleon nevertheless knew that the Industrial Revolution, along with the riches flooding into the country from the burgeoning British Empire, had made the United Kingdom the most powerful economic power in the world. Because the nation was an island, it needed trade of its finished goods to buy enough raw materials and supplies for its population to live at a level that made it possible for them to be consumers and continue their rapidly expanding industrial output. He also knew that industrialization had ravaged the rural population of Britain, as well as its artisan crafts and cottage industries. As a consequence, he believed that a massive embargo of British goods throughout the European continent would destroy the British economy and incite a popular uprising that would bring down the government, as deprivation among the poor had done in France in the 1780s. Meanwhile, despite the loss of the French Navy at Trafalgar, the French Army (renamed the Grande Armà ©e in 1805) continued its domination of Europe. By the fall of 1806, nearly all of the Continent, from the Atlantic Coast to the borders of Russia, was either under French control, occupation, or allied to France. The only exceptions, most notably Portugal and Sweden, were unable to effectively take on French military might and stood waiting to see when they too might fall under French rule. With his power seemingly uncontested in Europe, Napoleon determined that it was time to strike at the British with his new strategy of economic embargo. Economic Warfare Begins On November 21, 1806, Napoleon issued the Berlin Decree, which declared that France would henceforth blockade all British ships and refuse them entry into any port under French control. In December 1807, Napoleon issued the Milan Decree as well, which stated that any ships coming into French waters that had previously docked in British ports would be confiscated, along with their cargo and crews, by French officials. That new policy was meant to include such neutral nations as the United States, which at that time was Britains most important trading partner; U.S. cotton in particular was essential for fueling the textile industry, Britains most important manufacturing base at the time. To counteract Napoleons moves, the British passed their own laws, known as the Orders in Council of 1807, forbidding their trading partners from dealing with France. As a consequence, the United States was forced to cease all trade with both Britain and France, a move passed into law by the Embargo Act of 1807. The U.S. withdrawal from international trade caused significant problems in the British economy and forced British industrialists to look elsewhere for cotton and other raw materials that had previously come from America. The expansion of the second wave of British colonization in the 19th century traces its origins to that period, as does the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. Effects of the Continental System Napoleons attempts at economic warfare were shocking at first, but they did not fully cripple the British economy. Russia was not under French control in 1806, so in the beginning phase of the blockade, goods from Britain were still able to enter Europe through Russian-controlled Baltic ports. By July 1807, however, France and Russia concluded peace with the Treaty of Tilsit, and Russia—along with Prussia—joined the Continental System as a term of the treaty. By 1808, the value of British exports had fallen from  £40.8 million to  £35 million, and there was a visible decline in the import of grain. Moreover, industrialists, unable to get raw materials from abroad, began to lay off their industrial workers. At the same time, there were many crop failures in Britain, leading to extreme hunger for many of the poor who, without jobs or sufficient hours and pay, were unable to afford higher prices for rarer staples. Food riots resulted, but Napoleons hopes for a popular uprising that would overthrow the government never materialized. Though deeply affected, Britains economy was able to survive the blockade in the end, largely thanks to trade with its colonies and a marked growth in smuggling. While the consequences of the Continental System were dire for the United Kingdom, historians are adamant that the system actually had a far more punishing impact on France. Europeans, both in France and in its conquered and allied territories, were bitter that the system was denying them access to many of the consumer goods they relied on that originated from Britain and its colonies, like sugar, coffee, inexpensive textiles, and tobacco. Meanwhile, smugglers thrived in the environment of the embargo, and such goods that did get into Europe from Britain were far more expensive than they had ever been. Moreover, European nations conquered by the French resented the partner laws of the Continental System, which privileged French goods by placing high tariffs on other European goods. Prices throughout Europe skyrocketed under the Continental System, giving Europeans living under French rule new reasons to resent their imperial overlords. That resentment ultimately shook the foundations of support for Napoleons empire. Resentment, War, and Defeat The economic hardships wrought by the embargo led European nations that had not fallen under French rule to resist the Continental System. Portugal entirely refused to take part, forcing Napoleon to invade the nation and attempt to capture its fleet and depose its monarchy. However, King John VI of Portugal fled his home for Brazil, Portugals largest colony, and his naval fleet went with him. His people responded by revolting against the French invasion, and the British sent an expeditionary force to support them. This was the preliminary phase of the Peninsular War, a brutal struggle for independence from the French for Portugal and Spain, most famous in the United States today for its astonishing and heartbreaking war images captured by the master painter Francisco de Goya. The war was extremely costly for the French and played a significant role in Napoleons eventual downfall. The Swedish also decided to reject Napoleons demand that they join the Continental System, an act that resulted in that nation being invaded by Russia in 1808. The war that ensued—known today as the Russo-Swedish War of 1808–1809—raged from February 1808 until September 1809 and resulted in Finland being separated from Sweden and established as a semiautonomous entity closely tied to the Russian government. Also, the Russians forced the Swedes to join the Continental System, and all Swedish ports were closed to British shipping. Like other parts of Europe living under the Continental System, the Swedes were furious at the results of the embargo, namely higher prices and scarcity of goods. Anti-French sentiment increased, and Sweden subsequently took part in the final campaigns to overthrow Napoleons empire in 1813–1815. As prices skyrocketed, Napoleons Continental System was increasingly resented in France as well. Moreover, the human and financial costs of the wars in which the system played a causative role—like the Peninsular War—wore on the French public. Napoleons popularity began to plummet, and by 1812, the economy of all of Europe was collapsing. In that year, Russia decided to stop participating in the Continental System, and Napoleon responded by launching a massive land invasion of the vast country. Ill prepared for the elusive tactics employed by the Russian Army and the harsh nature of the Russian winter, Napoleon suffered the worst military defeat of his career during the Russian invasion; the human carnage was devastating for both sides, and Napoleons Grande Armà ©e was practically decimated. The resentful nations of Europe, including former allies of France, seized the opportunity and rose up in unison against Napoleons weakened regime. Within three years, the emperors fate would be sealed with his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the final proof that his Continental System was, in the end, a failure. Continental System. World History: The Modern Era. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. Chicago World History: The Modern Era, s.v. Continental System, accessed March 3, 2011. http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/. APA Continental System. (2011). In World History: The Modern Era. Retrieved March 3, 2011, from http://worldhistory.abc-clio.com/

Marketing analysis for the Allianz Group

Marketing analysis for the Allianz Group Allianz Group is a bigger company which providing insurance and financial services. Besides that, Allianz SE which is holding company of international group located in Munich. Allianz was found in Berlin. Germany in 1980 (Allianz, 2010) Allianz Group, with 152,000 employees in the worldwide, which has over 75million customers in around 70 countries. In the insurance market, Allianz is the market leader in the Germany and has strong international presence(Allianz, 2010). Allianz was a historical company which has more than 100 years. Even Germany defeat in the World War I but Allianz was slowly ventured outside Germany to European markets (Allianz, 2010) At the national socialist Nazi Germany in the era after 1993, Allianz fit in with the guidelines. After World War II, Allianz was start to rebuild post in 1945. Allianz was start to get international by spreading its activities to some country in Europe and Americas in year 1950s throughout 60s, 70s and 80s. In year 1990s, Allianz began to venture into the Asian market. (Allianz, 2010). Allianz Group also expanded its asset management business. Today, Allianz Group is one of the worlds leading financial service providers (Allianz, 2010). The mission of Allianz The mission of Allianz is to achieve sustainable growth of our competitive strength and values. In order to achieve this mission, they implemented a series of measures which characterize as 3+one program. They have an overall 3+1 program: Protecting and enhancing the capital base. Substantially strengthening the operating profitability. Reducing complexity. +One: Increase sustainable competitiveness and value. The organization structure of Allianz Board of Management Supervisory Board International Executive Committee International Advisory Board and Joint Advisory Council Employees The organization culture of Allianz Allianz Group culture combines German characteristic and international flair. In Munich, a lot of language will be using by the people when they talking to each other such as French, German, English, Italian, Chinese and etc. However Allianz values local cultures and markets situation does not dictate a one size all fit solution for the individual location. That why Allianz has defined a strategy framework to guiding standards. So that Allianz Group in the worldwide can adopt the cultural and business requirement to specific regions (Allianz, 2010) The macro environment analysis PEST analysis is concerned with the environmental influences on a business. PEST is stand for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro environment. Political factors often look at the government policies. The economic factors relate to changes in the wider economy. Social factors is relating to the cultural aspects. The technological factors relate to the application of new inventions and ideas. It is an important tool to understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organization (Thompson, 2002). Following are the different factors affecting the Allianz insurance in UK. Political Some of these factors had a good impact to the travel, car and home insurance in the UK. The government travelers awareness campaign has brought awareness to the public about the dangers of traveling uninsured highlighting the expensive costs of medical treatments abroad. The travel industry has supported and benefited from this as it increased their sales prospects. The minimum car insurance implemented by the government is third party cover. This has a very good impact on the car insurance industry as this guarantees a sale on every car in the UK and because 76% of adult in the UK have a full driving license, all of them are potential customers (Birtles, 2002). Legal General data revealed that most critical illness cover claims are made by people under 40. (Speedy, 2004) This has been good news for age dedicated home and health care insurance companies as less cover claims means less liabilities. However, according to the Bank of England, the rising tax is slowing down the consumer spending. This has badly affected the whole of the insurance industry as people had less money to spend on higher premiums or packages. Economic In todays world facing inflation, people are more work-orientated, so earning more again translating to larger disposable incomes allowing people to live comfortably take advantage of more expensive schemes in insurance such as taking fully-comprehensive cover rather than third-party (Speedy, 2004). Another economical fact is that we are currently at the boom stage of economic cycle and so people are better off. This means that as stated above people are able to live more comfortably and on a general level are better able to afford things like food, shelter, clothing and health care. This translates to fewer illnesses which mean that insurance companies have less payout to make as less people fail ill (Speedy, 2004). Another important factor to notice about the general public in a boom phase of the economic cycle is that people are more likely to pay for products in the service industry. So things that they may have refrained from due to a lack of money like health insurance will be more welcome during a period of boom so increasing revenue for insurers (Birtles, 2002). Social Nowadays, Allianz facing a lot of social problems such as increase of young driver. They choose to insure on parents cars along with saving the money to buy their own cars. Young drivers aged between 17 and 25 also have a higher chance of being in an accident so they are more costly for an insurer to cover so insurers charge more. For this reason the increase in young drivers translates into larges revenues for insurance companies due to the larger premiums. (Birtles, 2002) Besides that, todays society is the increase in the racing culture with large emphasis placed on driving faster and better looking cars. Modified cars are a cheaper alternative to buying a sports car also increasing insurance costs (Speedy, 2004) . In comparison with 30 years ago the average person earns much more today translating to larger disposable incomes. This has leading to more people being able to afford second cars and so being insured on them giving more business to insurance companies (Speedy, 2004). Technology In new era, technology is an one of the important things using by social such as internet, communication technology and so on. With this technology, Allianz can increase the sales and reduce the transaction costs. By using internet, it can changes the delivery service process. Nowadays, Allianz using internet even sells insurance policies. Internet proving to be one of the widely used distribution networks for selling insurance policies. Also internet is used for sending premium notices to policy holders through e-mails (Shinde, et al., 2008) By using internet, it can provide several convenient such as premium calculator which accurately displays the amount of premium month wise and the remaining balance. One just has to enter the age, name of the insurance policy, the sum assured and whether there is an accident cover or not. By the insurance system, the user only by keying the information, this entire them to shown the premium amount within in short time. This has helped the customer in a way so that they dont have to travel all the way to the branch to ascertain the amount of premium to be paid (Shinde, et al., 2008) The international consideration Allianz operate almost in every continent. The regions are Eastern Europe, Central Eastern Europe, Asia Pacific, Americas and Middle East Africa. Allianz is deeply rooted in their domestic market which is Western, Northern Southern Europe. Western Europe is the home of Allianz. (Allianz, 2010) When Allianz wants doing an international business, Allianz will consider the human resource, financial and legal requirement into particular country. Allianz start a new venture in China, financial will incurred in that China will lower than having a new venture in Europe. Furthermore Allianz can get a large human resource in China. This is because the population in China is very large. Allianz also can save cost. The wage pay to the labor is lower and produced the production in a lower cost (Allianz, 2010). When a company intend to going international, they will consider the macroeconomic that will affect in their business. Before enter to a new country or new venture. They will do a research about the external environment of that country or region first and then only decide whether to start the new venture into that country or not. While Allianz also does the something. The macro environment that consider to the company are political or legal condition, economic condition, social issue environment and technology. Those are significant to evaluate a country before doing an international business (Allianz, 2010). There are several methods of going international when a company intends to go international. The company can go international based on export based, non-equity based and equity based. For Allianz which a company just provide services, it use equity based method to going international which include joint ventures and foreign direct investment (FDI). The first company or office that Allianz venture in is in London with open a subsidiary company (Allianz, 2010). Allianz was venturing into Malaysia in year 2001. It become controlling shareholder of Allianz General Insurance Malaysia Berhad(AGIM). However, AGIM was transferred wholly owned subsidiary AGIC in year 2007. Following the completion of the transfer of general insurance business, AGIM changed its name to AMB and became an investment holding company (Allianz, 2010). Besides that, there have several issue faced by Allianz in Malaysia. Currently, Allianz facing managing climate change risk. Managing climate change risk is the biggest challenge to the Allianz facing today with several impacts on insurance industry. Over past 30years, there was a great natural catastrophes claim by the victims which increase 15fold to approx. 30 billion Euros (approximately RM120 billion). Allianz settles 40% of industrial insurance claims are due to natural catastrophes (Allianz, 2010) With managing climate change risks, Loeffler (2010) was recognize climate changes as a matter of great strategic consequence for Allianz. Allianz need to assess together with their clients by mitigate the risks. In the other hand, Allianz was adapting the impact of climate change and safeguard insurability of risk in future. In year 2007, Allianz was established a subsidiary as Allianz Climate with explicit aim to develop new products and investment trends related to climate change. As a insurance business, Allianz need to act an early warning system to help the business and let the society know and understanding about the new risks. Allianz need to prepare in several ways for effects of climate change. Providing risk coverage for emerging technologies for example plays an important role in their future development. Securing the insurability of risks is essential for economies to be able to operate (Loeffler, 2010) The growth of business In year 1957, the Ansoff Matrix was first published in the Harvard Business Review and has given a quick and simple way of thinking about growth to generations of marketers and business leaders and helps them to assess and understand business development or marketing strategy (Manktelow, 2010). Ansoffs product-market matrix explain that a business attempts to grow depend on whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets. Market penetration Market penetration is a growth strategy where the business focuses on selling more of the same products or services in current markets. This strategy normally try to fix or increase the revenue of current products and achieve economies of scale through more efficient distribution more efficient manufacturing, and more purchasing power (QuickMBA, 2010). Take for instance; Allianz can use advertising to promote their product or policies. Advertising is an important tool to help the company to build up the brand name. In fact, consumer will compare the products through advertising. An innovative and creative advertising is able to form a well image in the mind of the public in order to stimulate more consumers to buy the products. Besides that, Allianz can implementation other special offer promotions like Allianz can offer a variety of free health checks in different public place such as hospital, shopping complex or any fair related to healthy. Through the event, the consumers were gi ven an opportunity to purchases health product at a promotion rate. (Anon, 2010) Product development Product development is the name given to a growth strategy where a business aims to sell new products or services in current markets. This strategy often try to develop and innovation new product and sell to existing customers (QuickMBA, 2010). For example, Allianz can provide more comprehensive coverage in addition to the existing insurance plans. Like Allianz can give protection among other, medical expenses including dengue, malaria, bungee jumping, amateur sports, natural disasters, kidnappings and thefts. Because these events were became more serious in Malaysia (Allianz, 2010). Besides that, Allianz can packaging existing products it in new ways. Like when husbands buy a personal healthy policy, Allianz will offer a new package that their wife are also can get the free protection from Allianz. It is means buy an insurance policy but the beneficiary is to two persons. Diversification Diversification is the growth strategy where a company promoted new products or services in new markets. This is the most dangerous type of strategy because the business is entering into markets in which it has little or no experience. For a business to use diversification strategy, therefore, it must have a clear concept about what it expects to obtain from the strategy and an honest assessment of the risks (QuickMBA, 2010). For example, Allianz can try to launch the pets insurance policies. Nowadays, many people feel that raising children is not easy, so they prefer to concentrate on their pets. According to internet firms found that over 90% people look pets as their own children. Many people going and acting crazy in love with dogs and cats (Plano, 2007). They will provide a loving, safe, healthy home for their pets by providing assisted living, hospice, and placement assistance. Since so many people regard their pets as children, they will want to help their pets to buy an insur ance policy and protect their pets. So Allianz can be a first company to implementation this new and creative insurance plan. New venture Vietnam which is located in Asia Pacific is the best investment country. Despite the 1997 Asian economic crisis, Vietnams economy has expanded rapidly since the year 1980s Communist Party of Vietnam leaved from the communist economic policies. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit (2010), Vietnams GDP growth forecast is predicted to be strong, at an average of 7.9% between 2007 and 2010. Besides that, foreign direct investment in Vietnam rise 10 percent to between $10 billion and $11 billion in 2010. Foreign Direct Investment plays an important role in the Vietnam economy (Lan, 2010). Know and predominate the necessary need in Vietnam market in this few years, VIPC Capital Management Corporation provide many services such as Non risk investment , Asset management, Portfolio Management which can give more choices for the customer to choose the financial services and financial consultant to increase the effectiveness in fund management and generating profit. With these facilitie s and benefits, Allianz can use foreign direct investment method to enter Vietnam market. Threat of new entrants Allianz should make investigation on what benefits it will get by investing in Vietnam and build a strong customer royalty and make agreement with the government if possible to prevent possible entrants of competitor. As a new entrant, Allianz should build the good brand name to the customers in Vietnam by advertising such as TV advertisement, road side banner and so on. By advertise about the company to citizen in Vietnam to let them know about this company well. However, Allianz need to know the Vietnam citizen culture such as what they like or dislike. Besides the citizen, government rules and regulation need to learn by Allianz to enter into new market such as labor law. It is very important for Allianz to learn the government rule and regulation because some of the things have banned by the government in Vietnam. In other words, it is to make it harder for potential entrants to go in by imposing barriers to new entry. Competitive rivalry This is important for Allianz to know how rivalry in the market of Vietnam as rivalry among competing firms intensifies, causing industry profits decline and can make the industry becomes inherently unattractive. Since Vietnam less of international insurance company, Allianz can take advantage to enter the Vietnam market to gain more profit from the citizen. With brand equity of Alliance, the customer will prefer more for the international company. Besides that, there have only few multinational insurance company in Vietnam but Allianz need to know how strong the brand entity of the competitors are, and also to find out the weaknesses of competitor in order to get affiliate from the domestic consumers in Vietnam. However, Allianz need continuously innovative about the company to competitive with the competitor in Vietnam to gain more profit for it. Bargaining power of buyers Buyers purchases represent a major portion of income for Allianzs total sales revenue, so Allianz must investigate how strong the bargaining power of the buyers of the host country as most of the buyers have the absolute information regarding the price and the availability for the services. Recent year, Vietnam economic has resilient. Vietnams average income per capita has reached an estimated USD 1,200 in 2010 and the country has moved from the list of poorest countries to the list of low and middle-income countries (Vietnam Business Economy News, 2010). Most of the citizens have extra money to buy insurance for their own and their family. Allianz can offer with different types of policy to the customers such in different age of stage and so on. It will attract more customers to choose what type of policy they like due to increase the profit to the company. In the other hand, Allianz should offer a special price to the customers compare to the other competitors to attract for the c ustomers switch to the Allianz insurance. After the buyers purchase the insurance, Allianz need to make good relationship with the customers to maintains the sales because buyers will make income for company profits.